Exam 2 Secretion Flashcards
Substances commonly secreted
H+, k, nh4, creatine, drugs such as penicillin, anabolic, steroids, EPO, HCG, HGH, and amphetamines
Secretion in PCT
H+
Nh4
Urea
H. Secreted into the tubules combines with hco3 to form h2co3
It disassociates into h+ which is excreted and hco3 which is reabsorbed
Secretion in the late DCT
Principal cells secrete
K. Intercalated cells secrete h
What do hormones affect
The extent of reabsorption and secretion
Raa complex fixes what
Low blood pressure
How does the raa complex fix low BP?
Systemic Vasoconstriction which decreases filtration rate
Stimulates the release of aldosterone which causes the principal cells to reabsorb more NA in the dct
Water follows the sodium increasing blood volume and thus increasing blood pressure
What does reabsorbing more NA do?
Increases the blood volume which increases blood pressure
Effects of ADH
Vasopressin which is a vasoconstrictor
Increases water permeability of the principal cells to reabsorb as much H2O as possible
Severe hemorrhage or dehydration effects on ADH
Adh release is increased resulting in the formation of concentrated urine
What is anp produced by?
What does anp. Suppress And stimulate
Produced by the Atria of the heart when the heart detects stretching
Inhibits the reabsorption of n a and thus H2O
Suppresses the release of ADH and aldosterone
Stimulates, naturesis and diuresis
naturesis and diuresis
Naturesis is increased sodium in urine
Diuresis is increased urine output to decrease blood volume and thus decrease blood pressure
Effects of pth
Stimulate cells to absorb more CA
Uses osteoclasts in the bones (resorption)
Inhibits the reabsorption of phosphates in the PCT
Reabsorbs calcium from the renal tubules
Absorbs more calcium from the small intestine
Define urinalysis
Examination of the physical, chemical and microscopic characteristics of urine
Composition of urine
95% water
5% electrolytes
Protein free but will contain creatine uric acid, fatty acids, hormones, enzymes and bacteria
Uric acid can cause this
Gout
Blood urea nitrogen test or bun test?
Measures blood levels of nitrogen associated with the production of urea
Levels increase during kidney disease
Where does urea come from
Breaking down proteins or protein metabolism
Plasma creatinine test
Where does creatine come from
What should levels look like
Formed in skeletal muscles from the breakdown of creatine phosphate
Blood levels and urine levels should be roughly the same. If blood levels are high. You have kidney dysfunction
Where does creatinine come from
Substrate phosphorylation left over from production of ADP to ATP
Skeleton muscle contraction
Renal plasma clearance test
The amount of blood that is cleaned of a particular substance in a given time
The higher the RPC value the faster the substrate is removed
Lower RPC values stay in the body for longer
Importance of the renal plasma clearance test
Determines dosages of medications
