Blood Vessels And Hemodynamics

Question 1

How many miles does the left side of the heart pump blood through

Answer 1

Approximately 60,000 mi of blood vessels

Question 2

Where does a right side of the heart send blood to

Answer 2

It sends blood to the lungs to drop off CO2 and pick up O2

Question 3

Arteries and veins? Which ones divide and which ones merge?

Answer 3

Arteries always divide
Veins always merge

Question 4

What direction in relation to the heart, do arteries carry blood

Answer 4

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Question 5

What do arteries divide into

Answer 5

smaller arterioles
Then capillaries made of endothelium tissue

Question 6

What is the site of exchange?

Answer 6

Capillaries are the side of exchange between the circulatory system and tissues

Question 7

Where does the blood go after the site of exchange in the capillaries

Answer 7

The capillaries merge to form venules
Which emerged to form veins?
Which return blood to the heart

Question 8

What is the tunica interna?

Answer 8

Endothelium that makes up the innermost layer of a vessel
Made of simple squamous
Permeable

Question 9

What is the internal elastic lamina

Answer 9

A structure found in the tunica interna made of elastic connective tissue to allow flexibility

Question 10

Which vessel structure varies the most?

Answer 10

The tunica media

Question 11

What is the tunica media

Answer 11

The largest layer in most vessels
It is made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers

Question 12

What do the muscle layers control in the tunica media

Answer 12

They control the size of the vessel under the autonomic nervous system

Question 13

Vessels that supply skeletal muscles lack this

Answer 13

A parasympathetic nerve supply

Question 14

What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 14

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 15

What does a sympathetic nervous system cause and when it stops what happens?

Answer 15

It causes vasoconstriction
Stopping returns the vessels to their normal size

Question 16

What is the external elastic lamina?

Answer 16

It is found in the tunica media
It is made of elastic connective tissue to provide flexibility

Question 17

What is the tunica externa?

Answer 17

It is made of elastic and collagen fibers
It allows passage of nerves and tiny vessels along the outside of the vessel

Question 18

What is the vaso vasorum?

Answer 18

Tiny vessels that supply the outer walls of larger vessels

Question 19

What tunica layer helps anchor vessels in place

Answer 19

The tunica externa

Question 20

Arteries have compliance. What does this mean?

Answer 20

Compliance is the ability of your vessels to withstand the force of the heart

The vessels closest to the heart must have the greatest amount of compliance

Question 21

What are the three types of arteries?

Answer 21

Elastic
Muscular
Arterioles

Question 22

What arteries are also called conducting arteries
It has the largest pulmonary trunk and branches. Example, aorta andits branches
It has a well-defined internal and external elastic lamina and a thick tunica media

Answer 22

The elastic arteries

Question 23

What is the function of the elastic arteries

Answer 23

The function is to carry blood to the lungs for exchange or systemically (whole body)

Question 24

What arteries are medium sized?
Include brachial, axillary, femoral and splenic
That has a smooth muscle layer that is less than elastic arteries

Answer 24

The muscular arteries

Question 25

Why are the muscular arteries also known as the distributing arteries

Answer 25

They carry or distribute blood to organs( the muscle is an organ)

Question 26

Which arteries do not stretch and recoil as elastic arteries do?

Answer 26

The muscular arteries

Question 27

What is vascular tone

Answer 27

It refers to muscles in a constant state of partial contraction For example your back muscles

Question 28

What controls your blood pressure?

Answer 28

The vascular tone of the muscular arteries

Question 29

What is the small artery that carries blood to capillary beds? With the tunica media consisting of one or two layers of smooth muscle with thin tunica, interna and externa

Answer 29

The arterioles

Question 30

What is a metaarteriole?

Answer 30

An arteriole that leads into a capillary bed There are valves present that control how much blood passes through the capillary bed

Question 31

Which tunica has an extensive sympathetic nerve supply that controls the size of the arteriole I and as a result controls blood flow into the capillary bed which controls resistance

Answer 31

The tunica externa

Question 32

What is resistance

Answer 32

Opposition to blood flow created by the friction of formed elements on the vessel wall

Question 33

The arteriole size controls what?

Answer 33

Flow resistance and pressure

Question 34

What is the Union of two vessels that leads to collateral circulation

Answer 34

Anastomosis

Question 35

What is collateral circulation

Answer 35

A second pathway to supply blood to organs Rerouting

Question 36

Where can anastomosis occur?

Answer 36

Between two vessels to include veins or between venules and arterioles

Question 37

What is an end artery?

Answer 37

An artery that does not form an anastomosis

Question 38

What is a negative side of an anastomosis

Answer 38

It may mask severe problems caused by blockages Can lead to a heart attack or kidney failure

Question 39

What is the site of exchange

Answer 39

The smallest vessels that connect arteriole flow to Venus flow

Question 40

What are the problems caused by the fact that capillaries range from 5 to 10 um whereas most red blood cells are eight um

Answer 40

It requires the red blood cells to fold in half to pass or to go through as a single file

Question 41

What forms microscopic networks of great surface area that make contact with the body cells for exchange

Answer 41

Capillary beds

Question 42

What receives blood from the capillary Network after exchange has taken place

Answer 42

Post capillary venules

Question 43

What is found throughout the body but most numerous in active tissues For example, the brain skeletal muscles, kidney and liver

Answer 43

Capillaries

Question 44

Where are capillaries absent from

Answer 44

Epithelial tissue The cornea The lens of the eye Cartilage

Question 45

What does the anti-angiotensin Factor do

Answer 45

Prevents the formation of blood vessels Found in cartilage

Question 46

What vessels lack a tunica media and externa?

Answer 46

Capillaries They only have a tunica interna made of simple squamous endothelium

Question 47

A capillary bed is made of 10 to 100 capillaries branching from what?

Answer 47

From a single metarteriole

Question 48

What is a thoroughfare channel?

Answer 48

The distal end of a metarteriole Leads to a venule

Question 49

What are the three types of capillaries

Answer 49

Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoids

Question 50

What is the majority type of capillaries?

Answer 50

Continuous capillaries

Question 51

What type of capillaries have endothelial cells that form a continuous tube with occasional gaps between the cells called intercellular clefs? They are found in the CNS lungs, muscles and skin

Answer 51

Continuous capillaries

Question 52

What are fenestrated capillaries

Answer 52

Cell membranes have pores (fenestrations) allowing materials to pass through cells rather than between them

Question 53

Where are fenestrated capillaries found

Answer 53

They are found in the kidneys Small intestine Choroid plexus of the brain Endocrine glands

Question 54

What are fenestrations

Answer 54

The pores that are found in cell membranes of vessels they can be multiple sizes

Question 55

What are unusually large fenestrations between cells of a vessel that also lacks a basement membrane

Answer 55

Sinusoids

Question 56

Sinusoids have these that allow the passage of proteins and formed elements of the blood

Answer 56

Large intracellular clefts

Question 57

Which type of capillary are sometimes lined with phagocytes and why

Answer 57

Sinusoids They pull old red blood cells out of circulation in the liver, spleen and marrow

Question 58

What is diopedesis?

Answer 58

White blood cells going to the side of an infection They spread apart blood vessel cells to get at the microbes