Exam 2 review powerpoint questions

Question 1

• Which of the following spinal tracts is not present in the lumbar spinal cord?
  
  • A. Fasciculus gracilis
  • B. Fasciculus cuneatus
  • C. Spinoreticular tract
  • D. Spinothalamic tract

Answer 1

B. Fasciculus cuneatus

Question 2

• If the spinal cord is severed on the left side at the level of T5, the patient will most likely exhibit a deficit in pain and temperature sensation on the ______ side, at the level of _______
  
  • A. left, T5
  • B. right, T3
  • C. right, T5
  • D. right, T7

Answer 2

D. right, T7 (maybe a lil of A)

Question 3

• The neurons that synapse on Clarke’s nucleus ascend in this pathway *prior* to synapsing
  
  • A. Dorsal columns
  • B. Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
  • C. Ventral spinocerebellar tract
  • D. Anterolateral pathway

Answer 3

A. Dorsal columns

Question 4

• Cutting the artery of Adamkiewicz would be most likely to cause a stroke in the:
  
  • A. superior-most spinal cord
  • B. inferior-most spinal cord
  • C. middle of the spinal cord
  • D. posterior spinal cord

Answer 4

B. inferior-most spinal cord

Question 5

• A patient is recovering from a cardiac arrest. He presented in arrest, with no palpable blood pressure. He has made an astounding recovery, but did suffer a spinal cord stroke during the event. Assuming he has normal vasculature, what region of the spinal cord would be most likely to stroke after an episode of severe low blood pressure
  
  • A. inferior-most spinal cord
  • B. superior-most spinal cord
  • C. middle of the spinal cord
  • D. posterior spinal cord

Answer 5

C. middle of the spinal cord

(watershed zone)

Question 6

• Local anesthetics are sodium-channel blockers, and work by inhibiting transmission along axons. They tend to have the greatest effect on the smallest, slowest axons first. Therefore, you would expect the biggest effect of a local anesthetic would be to inhibit transmission of:
  
  • A. Light touch
  • B. Proprioception
  • C. Motor function
  • D. Pain

Answer 6

D. Pain

Question 7

• Initially a nerve is composed of individual neurons, each innervating specific areas of skin. After severing, this nerve regrows, but the neurons undergo diffuse sprouting and the area of skin innervated by each overlaps substantially. In this area of skin you would expect 2-point discrimination to:
  
  • A. Increase (i.e., small separations would be perceived as two points)
  • B. Decrease (i.e., small separations would be perceived as a single point)
  • C. Stay the same

Answer 7

B. Decrease (i.e., small separations would be perceived as a single point)

Question 8

• All of the following are mediators of pain after local tissue injury except:
  
  • A. Prostaglandins
  • B. Substance P
  • C. Bradykinin
  • D. Dopamine

Answer 8

D. Dopamine

Question 9

• The ribs articulate with these types of vertebrae
  
  • A. thoracic
  • B. cervical
  • C. lumbar
  • D. sacral

Answer 9

A. thoracic

Question 10

• Plantarflexion of the ankle is controller by:
  
  • A. tibial nerve
  • B. femoral nerve
  • C. common peroneal nerve
  • D. radial nerve

Answer 10

A. tibial nerve

Question 11

• Sensation to the lateral aspect of the calf is conducted by the:
  
  • A. tibial nerve
  • B. femoral nerve
  • C. common peroneal nerve
  • D. radial nerve

Answer 11

C. common peroneal nerve

Question 12

• Neuropathic pain is best treated by drugs/modalities that:
  
  • A. Modulate behavior of neurons (e.g., gabapentin)
  • B. Reduce local tissue inflammation (e.g., ibuprofen)
  • C. Activate central inhibition of pain transmutations (e.g., morphine)
  • D. Inhibit central perception of pain (e.g., acetaminophen)

Answer 12

A. Modulate behavior of neurons (e.g., gabapentin)

Question 13

• The dermatome that covers the thumb
  
  • A. C5
  • B. C6
  • C. C7
  • D. C8

Answer 13

B. C6

Question 14

• The dermatome that covers the pinky
  
  • A. C5
  • B. C6
  • C. C7
  • D. C8

Answer 14

D. C8

Question 15

• The dermatome that covers the umbilicus
  
  • A. T6
  • B. T8
  • C. T10
  • D. T12

Answer 15

C. T10

Question 16

• The dermatome that covers the nipple
  
  • A. T1
  • B. T2
  • C. T3
  • D. T4

Answer 16

D. T4

Question 17

• The dermatome that covers the big toe
  
  • A. L3
  • B. L4
  • C. L5
  • D. S1

Answer 17

C. L5

Question 18

• The spinal root serving the triceps reflex
  
  • A. C5
  • B. C6
  • C. C7
  • D. C8

Answer 18

C. C7

Question 19

• Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel results in numbness over:
  
  • A. Index finger and middle finger, but not palm
  • B. Index finger, middle finger, and palm
  • C. Pinky and ring finger, but not palm
  • D. Pinky finger, ring finger, and palm

Answer 19

A. Index finger and middle finger, but not palm

Question 20

• Visceral pain from the heart (e.g., in a heart attack) is commonly referred to all of the following, except:
  
  • A. Chest
  • B. Shoulder
  • C. Abdomen
  • D. Teeth

Answer 20

C. Abdomen

Question 21

• This structure is one of the primary centers of pain modulation within the central nervous system
  
  • A. free nerve endings
  • B. periaqueductal grey
  • C. putamen
  • D. ventral horns

Answer 21

B. periaqueductal grey

Question 22

• Spinal roots at all of the following levels contribute to the lateral cord, except
  
  • A. C5
  • B. C6
  • C. C7
  • D. C8

Answer 22

D. C8

Question 23

• Injury to all of the following structures can lead to a weakness in elbow extension, except
  
  • A. C7 spinal root
  • B. posterior cord
  • C. median nerve
  • D. radial nerve

Answer 23

C. median nerve

Question 24

• Weakness in pinky finger abduction could be produced by lesions in all of the following except
  
  • A. T1 spinal root
  • B. medial cord
  • C. posterior cord
  • D. ulnar nerve

Answer 24

C. posterior cord

Question 25

• A patient presents with a foot drop. On exam, they are unable to participate in the sensory exam. What motor function would you test to distinguish between a peroneal nerve injury and a herniated disc compressing the L4 nerve root?
  
  • A. ankle plantarflexion
  • B. toe flexion
  • C. toe extension
  • D. knee extension

Answer 25

C. toe extension

Question 26

• The pathway that carries sensory information to parts of the brain specialized for alertness is called
  
  • A. Spinoreticular tract
  • B. Spinomesencephalic tract
  • C. Spinothalamic tract
  • D. Spinocerebellar tract

Answer 26

A. Spinoreticular tract

Question 27

• Of the following, the region of body with the largest representation in the primary sensory cortex is:
  
  • A. eye
  • B. hand
  • C. chest
  • D. foot

Answer 27

B. hand