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PTH 405 Neuroscience > Exam 2 material: spinal roots > Flashcards

Exam 2 material: spinal roots Flashcards

1
Q

Major arm dermatome: C5

A

overlying lateral upper arm

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2
Q

Major arm dermatome: C6

A

Lower arm, thumb, lateral index finger (6-shooter)

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3
Q

Major arm dermatome: C7

A

middle hand, finger

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4
Q

Major arm dermatome: C8

A

medial hand, ring/pinky fingers

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5
Q

Major arm dermatome: T1

A

medial side of arm

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6
Q

Major trunk dermatome: T4

A

runs across nipple

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7
Q

Major trunk dermatome: T10

A

runs across umbilicus (belly button)

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8
Q

Major trunk dermatome: T12

A

inguinal ligament (bottom of thorax at groin)

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9
Q

Major leg dermatome: L1/2/3

A

-anterior upper leg

“candycane” down leg (higher laterally and goes lower medially)

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10
Q

Major leg dermatome: L3/4

A

crosses patella

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11
Q

Major leg dermatome: L4

A

anterior, medial lower leg

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12
Q

Major leg dermatome: L5

A

anterior, lateral lower leg and medial foot (big toe)

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13
Q

Major leg dermatome: S1

A

lateral foot, posterior lower leg

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14
Q

Major leg dermatome: S2

A

Posterior upper leg

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15
Q

Major leg dermatome: S3/4

A

Buttocks/perianal

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16
Q

Myotomes: C5

A

elbow flexion, arm abduction (deltoid/biceps)

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17
Q

Myotomes: C6

A

wrist extension

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18
Q

Myotomes: C7

A

elbow extension (triceps)

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19
Q

Myotomes: C8

A

finger flexors

20
Q

Myotomes: T1

A

finger abduction

21
Q

Myotomes: L1/2

A

hip flexion (iliopsoas)

22
Q

Myotomes: L3/4

A

knee extension (quads)

23
Q

Myotomes: L4

A

ankle dorsiflexion

24
Q

Myotomes: L5

A

big toe dorsiflexion… extension? (extensor hallucis longus)

25
Q

Myotomes: S1

A

ankle plantarflexion

26
Q

what nerve root does this reflex: biceps

A

C5/6

27
Q

what nerve root does this reflex: brachioradialis

A

C6

28
Q

what nerve root does this reflex: triceps

A

C7

29
Q

what nerve root does this reflex: patellar

A

L3/4

30
Q

what nerve root does this reflex: Achilles

A

S1

31
Q
A
32
Q

Brachial plexus

A
  • Segments
    • roots
    • trunks
    • divisions
    • cords
    • branches
33
Q

Erb-Duchenne palsy (injury to what and presented as what?)

A
  • injury to upper trunk
    • combined C5/6 injury
    • usually due to downward traction on shoulder/arm relative to head
    • commonly seen after births complicated by a stuck shoulder (shoulder dystocia)
  • Presented as “Waiter’s tip”
    • adducted shoulder
    • extended elbow
    • arm IR
    • wrist in flexion
34
Q

Klumpke’s palsy (injury to what and presented as what?)

A
  • injury to lower trunk
    • combined C8/T1 injury
    • usually due to upward traction on arm relative to head
    • commonly seen in children being pulled up by arms, or people breaking their fall by catching onto something (and subsequently jerking their arm/shoulder upwards)
  • presented as “Claw hand”
    • similar to combined median/ulnar palsy
    • loss of intrinsic hand function
    • all fingers over extended from long extensors
      • (just FYI - distal joints actually flex because of long flexors making the claw-like appearance)
35
Q

Lumbosacral plexus (injury and nerves)

A
  • less commonly injuried
  • can be injured in trauma, or as part of abdominal/pelvic pathologies
  • nerves
    • femoral
      • from roots L2-L4
      • involved in cutaneous sensation to leg and upper leg function
    • obturator
      • from roots L2-L4
      • primarily controls proximal leg muscles
    • Sciatic
      • from roots L4-S4
      • controls posterior leg, lower leg, and lower leg sensation
36
Q

Radial nerve (major sensory and motor areas)

A
  • majory sensory
    • posterior hand
    • lesions around axilla will also affect posterior/lateral upper arm
  • major motor
    • triceps (C7)
    • Brachioradialis (C6)
    • Wrist extensors (C6)
    • supinator (C6/7)
    • abductor pollicis longus (C7)
37
Q

Median nerve (major sensory and motor areas)

A
  • major sensory
    • lateral fingers, palm
    • ***with lesions in carpal tunnel, only fingers
  • Major motor
    • Pronator teres (C6/7)
    • Flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus (digits I and II) (C8)
    • opponens pollicis (T1)
38
Q

Ulnar nerve (major sensory and motor areas)

A
  • Major sensory
    • medial hand/fingers
    • injury distal to branches can spare regions
      • distal to dorsal cutaneous branch: dorsal hand spared
      • distal to palmar cutaneous branch: palm of hand spared
  • Major motor
    • flexor digitorum profundus (digits III and IV) (C8)
    • abductor digiti minimi (C8/T1)
    • adductor pollicis (T1)
39
Q

Thumb motor control

A
  • RUM!
    • Radial nerve: abduction
    • Ulnar nerve: adduction
    • Medial nerve: opposition
40
Q

Wrist drop

A
  • radial palsy
41
Q

Preacher’s hand

A
  • median nerve palsy
  • (try to close hand and first 3 fingers dont close)
42
Q

Ulnar claw

A
  • ulnar palsy
    *
43
Q

“simian hand”

A
  • Median and ulnar palsy
44
Q

Common peroneal nerve (major sensory and motor areas)

A
  • Major sensory
    • Lateral leg
    • dorsal foot
  • Major motor
    • peroneus longus/brevis (L5/S1; foot eversion)
    • tibialis anterior (L4; foot dorsiflexion)
    • Extensor digitorum/hallucis longus (L5; toe extension)
45
Q

Tibial nerve (major sensory and motor areas)

A
  • Major sensory:
    • bottom of foot
  • major motor
    • gastroc/soleus (S1/2)
    • Tibialis posterior (L4/5; foot inversion)
    • Flexor digitorum/hallucis longus (S1/2)

PTH 405 Neuroscience (9 decks)

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