exam 2 review Flashcards
- Alex watches a group of children on the playground for an hour and writes down everything he sees them do during that hour. Alex is conducting a(n)___________.
a. structured observation
b. naturalistic observation
c. experiment
d. interpretive study
naturalistic observation
- Dolores works in a pediatric ward and has decided to investigate whether or not the level of nurse friendliness influences children’s perceptions of their hospital experiences. For her research, which of the following would be the best operational definition of nurse friendliness?
A. nice interactions with patients
B. pleasant appearance
C. concern for patients
D. number of times that the nurse smiles per time spent with the patient
number of times that the nurse smiles per time spent with the patient
- When people treat each other badly on reality shows even though they know millions of people will be watching, they seem to be lacking_____________.
a. observer bias
b. coding accuracy
c. self-consciousness
d. reactivity
reactivity
- Dr. Moore is observing sharing in a group of preschool children. She watches them for 30 minutes and records every instance of sharing she sees. Dr. Moore is engaging in____________________.
a. event sampling
b. time sampling
c. structured sampling
d. naturalistic sampling
event sampling
- Dr. Brown is observing peekaboo games that mothers play with their infants. She observes each mother-infant pair for 30 minutes, but she follows an observe-for-five-minutes-and-stop-for-one-minute pattern. She repeats the pattern during the 30-minute observation. Dr. Brown is engaging in____________________.
a. event sampling
b. time sampling
c. structured sampling
d. naturalistic sampling
time sampling
- During an observational study, Dr. X writes the following, “two girls are standing about a foot apart and are facing each other. The girl on the right is holding a backpack in her left hand. She is smiling with her teeth exposed, and she is bent about 25 degrees at the waist. Her left eye (the only one visible to this writer) is closed tightly. The other girl stands with her right knee bent and is smiling. Her right eye (the only one visible) is open.”
This is an example of _____________________.
a. reactivity
b. coder bias
c. observation
d. interpretation
observation
- Part of the ________________will become the amnion and umbilical cord.
a. blastocyst
b. endoderm
c. ectoderm
d. mesoderm
blastocyst
The _______________will become the muscles, blood, and bones.
a. trophoblast
b. ectoderm
c. endoderm
d. mesoderm
mesoderm
The ______________will become the skin, brain, and spinal cord.
a. endoderm
b. ectoderm
c. mesoderm
ectoderm
The heart starts functioning before the arms start to differentiate. This is because of______________development.
a. cephalocaudal
b. proximodistal
c. organogenic
d. critical
proximodistal
The heart starts functioning before the arms start to differentiate. This is because of______________development.
a. cephalocaudal
b. proximodistal
c. organogenic
d. critical
proximodistal
The fetus gains about 3 and 1/2 pounds of fat during the ______________trimester.
a. first
b. second
c. third
third
The fetus gains temporary immunity to disease at _________months.
a. 8-9
b. 7-8
c. 6-7
d. 5-6
8-9
Rubella affects 50%-80% of embryos if mother contracts the disease during the first month of pregnancy. If mom gets the disease during weeks 4-8, she only has a 25% chance of having a child with birth defects. If she’s 8-12 weeks pregnant when she gets rubella, she has a 6% chance of having an affected child. Which of the following generalizations about teratogens is BEST illustrated by this example?
a. not all unborn children are equally affected by a teratogen
b. dosage matters
c. any teratogen has the least effect on the developing child during the critical period
not all unborn children are equally affected by a teratogen
Organs and tissues in an unborn baby are most vulnerable to environmental changes during:
A) organogenesis.
B) the fetal period.
C) the germinal period.
D) trophoblast differentiation.
organogenesis
Which of the following is/are associated with pregnant women’s use of thalidomide?
a. mental retardation
b. seizures
c. phocomelia of the limbs
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
phocomelia of the limbs
Which of the following is NOT a generalization about teratogens that we discussed in class?
a. Genes may protect the embryo/fetus from the effects of a teratogens
b. The same defect may be caused by different teratogens
c. One teratogen could cause a variety of defects
d. None of the above; all are generalizations about teratogens
none of the above; all are generalizations about teratogens
During the prenatal period, alcohol and radiation can both affect neural migration. Alcohol _____________, whereas radiation_______________.
a. stops neurons short of their destinations; causes neurons to migrate beyond their destinations
b. causes neurons to migrate beyond their destinations; stops neurons short of their destinations
cause neurons to migrate beyond their destinations; stop neurons short of their destination
Seventy-five percent of pregnant women who were within 1-4 miles of the blast in Hiroshima:
a. suffered miscarriages or had children with severe birth defects
b. had children with slow physical and mental development, but not mental retardation
c. had children who were 25 times more likely to develop cancer than children who were farther away from the blast
suffered miscarriages or had children with sever birth defects
Suppose you are a health care worker who is examining a child with the following symptoms: facial malformations such as an indistinct philtrum and a flat midface, short attention span, hyperactivity, and mental retardation. To which teratogen would you suspect that the child was exposed during pregnancy?
A. radiation
B. phenylpyruvic acid
C. rubella
D. alcohol
alcohol
Gerri took thalidomide between 20 and 24 days after her child was conceived. She then stopped taking the drug. Gerri’s child was born with a birth defect associated with thalidomide. Which birth defect did her child have?
a. deformed arms
b. deformed ears
c. deformed legs
d. cataracts
deformed ears
If a fetus is exposed to teratogens after 20 weeks of gestation:
a. the heart could suffer major morphological damage
b. the lower limbs could suffer minor morphological and/or functional damage
c. the CNS could suffer minor morphological and/or functional damage
d. the eyes could suffer major morphological damage
the CNS could suffer minor morphological and/or functional damage
Jefferson is a newborn. While his mother is holding him, she shifts in her seat and jostles Jefferson. He throws out his arms and legs and then pulls them toward his body. Jefferson is demonstrating the ________________reflex.
a. moro
b. Babinski
c. tonic neck
d. rooting
moro
According to The Secret Life of the Brain, research on ferrets showed that directing pathways from the retin//a to the auditory cortex (instead of the visual cortex):
a. resulted in blind ferrets
b. resulted in ferrets that could see, but not as well as other ferrets who hadn’t had their visual systems redirected
c. resulted in ferrets that could see just as well as ferrets who hadn’t had their visual systems redirected
d. resulted in ferrets with enhanced hearing and intact vision
resulted in ferrets that could see, but not as well as other ferrets who hadn’t had their visual system redirected
According to The Secret Life of the Brain, an infant born with a cataract in one eye can have it removed any time. The infant’s vision will develop normally with or without a cataract.
a. The above statement is true
b. The above statement is false
false
According to The Secret Life of the Brain, __________________determines which connections between neurons will be retained and which will be pruned.
a. a genetic program that is unaffected by experience
b. the brain’s blood supply
c. neural activity that is triggered by experiences
d. The number of glial cells
neural activity that is triggered by experiences
According to William Greenough,________________ processes are unique to individuals; _____________ processes are universal.
a. Experience-expectant; experience-dependent
b. Experience-dependent; experience-expectant
experience-dependent; experience-expectant
The cerebral cortex is responsible for
A. vision.
B. hearing.
C. problem solving.
D. all of the above.
E. none of the above
all of the above
Each hemisphere of the brain has relative strengths (e.g., the right hemisphere is good at holistic processing while the left is good at language processing). This is called:
a. differentiation of hemispheres
b. brain lateralization
c. brain stem interference
d. corpus callosum functioning
brain lateralization
When Harry’s foot is stroked, his toes fan out and his foot twists. Harry is demonstrating the
a. stepping reflex
b. moro reflex
c. rooting reflex
d. Babinski reflex
baninski reflex
The visual cliff is a device for testing infants’
A. peripheral vision.
B. depth perception.
C. visual preferences.
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
depth perception
Campos’ work with the visual cliff showed that one-month-old infants___.
a. cannot detect depth.
b. can see depth, but are not afraid of the “cliff.”
c. can see depth and are afraid of the “cliff.”
d. cannot see depth as well as older infants.
can see depth, but are not afraid of the “cliff.”
The fact that infants who have been crawling for some time show more fear of the visual cliff than those who have not provides support for Gibson’s idea that perception and action are linked.
a. true
b. false
true
Infants show disgust when __.
a. they smell something worn by their mother
b. they smell ammonia
c. they smell something sweet
d. all of the above; infants seem to be disgusted by any scent
they smell ammonia
Newborns __ recognize their mother’s voice.
a. can
b. cannot
can
At what age do infants seem to understand that faces are faces?
a. one month
b two months
c. three months
d. not before six months
three months
Infants prefer __ to ___.
a. rounded figures; figures with sharp edges
b. figures with sharp edges; rounded figures
rounded figures; figures with sharp edges
