chapter 4 review Flashcards
Proximodistal development is human growth
a. from central areas, such as internal organs, to more distant areas, like arms and legs.
b. from the area of the head downward, to the trunk and legs.
c. from the area of the feet upward, to the head.
d. from the area of the hands inward, to the internal organs.
from central areas, such as internal organs, to more distant areas, like arms and legs
Rubella affects 50%-80% of embryos if mother contracts the disease during the first month of pregnancy. If mom gets the disease during weeks 4-8, she only has a 25% chance of having a child with birth defects. If she’s 8-12 weeks pregnant when she gets rubella, she has a 6% chance of having an affected child. Which of the following generalizations about teratogens is BEST illustrated by this example?
a. not all unborn children are equally affected by a teratogen
b. dosage matters
c. any teratogen has the least effect on the developing child during the critical period
not all unborn children are equally affected by a teratogen
Organs and tissues in an unborn baby are most vulnerable to
environmental changes during:
A) organogenesis.
B) the fetal period.
C) the germinal period.
D) trophoblast differentiation.
organogenesis
Which of the following is/are associated with pregnant women’s use of thalidomide?
a. mental retardation
b. seizures
c. phocomelia of the limbs
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
phocomelia of the the limbs
Which of the following is NOT a generalization about teratogens that we discussed in class?
a. Genes may protect the embryo/fetus from the effects of a teratogens
b. The same defect may be caused by different teratogens
c. One teratogen could cause a variety of defects
d. None of the above; all are generalizations about teratogens
none of the above; all are generalizations about teratogens
During the prenatal period, alcohol and radiation can both affect neural migration. Alcohol _____________, whereas radiation_______________.
a. stops neurons short of their destinations; causes neurons to migrate beyond their destinations
b. causes neurons to migrate beyond their destinations; stops neurons short of their destinations
causes neurons to migrate beyond their destinations; stops neurons short of their destinations
Seventy-five percent of pregnant women who were within 1-4 miles of the blast in Hiroshima:
a. suffered miscarriages or had children with severe birth defects
b. had children with slow physical and mental development, but not mental retardation
c. had children who were 25 times more likely to develop cancer than children who were farther away from the blast
suffered miscarriages or had children with severe birth defects
- Suppose you are a health care worker who is examining a child with the following symptoms: facial malformations such as an indistinct philtrum and a flat midface, short attention span, hyperactivity, and mental retardation. To which teratogen would you suspect that the child was exposed during pregnancy?
A. radiation
B. phenylpyruvic acid
C. rubella
D. alcohol
alcohol
Gerri took thalidomide between 20 and 24 days after her child was conceived. She then stopped taking the drug. Gerri’s child was born with a birth defect associated with thalidomide. Which birth defect did her child have?
a. deformed arms
b. deformed ears
c. deformed legs
d. cataracts
deformed ears
If a fetus is exposed to teratogens after 20 weeks of gestation:
a. the heart could suffer major morphological damage
b. the lower limbs could suffer minor morphological and/or functional damage
c. the CNS could suffer minor morphological and/or functional damage
d. the eyes could suffer major morphological damage
the CNS could suffer minor morphological and/or functional damage
