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Abnormal Child Psych > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiety

A

future-oriented; lack of control over upcoming events

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2
Q

Fear

A

present-oriented; specific focus, short-term

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3
Q

Panic

A

fear response in absence of specific threat

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4
Q

fight/flight/freeze response

A

in response to fear, can be triggered by panic

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5
Q

Physical signs of anxiety

A

increased heart rate, fatigue, nausea, dizziness

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6
Q

Cognitive signs of anxiety

A

thoughts of beings scared, difficulty concentrating, blanking out

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7
Q

Behavioral signs of anxiety

A

avoidance, crying, tantrums, nail biting, stuttering

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8
Q

Gender differences for Anxiety Disorders

A

greater prevalence in girls than boys

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9
Q

Temperament Theory

A

variations in reactions to new situations due to brain chemistry, low behavioral inhibtion

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10
Q

Family Factors Theory

A

higher levels of family dysfunction= more severe anxiety; over involved and intrusive parents have more anxious kids
parents expectations can have kids less capable to cope

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11
Q

Behavioral perspective theory

A

two-factor theory: learned via classical conditioning and maintained w/ operant
Classical:
1. object of fear
2.anxious reaction
Operant:
3. unpleasant feeling
4. escape/avoidance
5. comfort/consoling

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12
Q

Seperation Anxiety

A

age-inappropraite, excessive anxiety about being apart from parents(early childhood)
one of most common childhood anxiety disorders
onset: 7-8 is erliest
2/3rds will develop another disorder

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13
Q

Social Anxiety

A

marked, persistent fear of social performance that expose child to embarrassment (mid-adolescent)
common fear=doing something in front of others
onset: early mid-adolescent

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14
Q

Selective Mutism

A

failure to talk in specific social situations even though they speak at home (early/middle childhood)
onset: 3-4yrs
May be accompaniedby oppositional behavior
may be extreme social phobia but different than social anxiety

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15
Q

Panic Disorder

A

marked with panic attacks; rare in young children more common in adolescents

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16
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

excessive, uncontrollable anxiety & worry; worry about minor occurrences
accompanied by at least 1 somatic symptom
equally common in boys and girls
onset: early adolescence

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17
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear/anxiety in certain places and situations (using public transportation, being in enclosed spaces)
fear of having panic-like symptoms in situations where escape is unavoidable
onset: late adolescence

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18
Q

Specific Phobia

A

persistent, irrational fear that leads to avoidance of feared object & causes impairment (middle childhood)
onset:7-9yrs

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19
Q

OCD

A

characterized by recurrent obsessions (persistent and intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive, purposeful behaviors)
have to be time-consuming and take up 1hr per day at least
more common in boys
onset:9-12; peaks early adolescence

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20
Q

Behavioral Therapy (anxiety)

A

exposure to feared stimulus
evoke anxious reaction
no escape/avoidance
habituate to simulus
introduce contingencies that reinforce “bravery”
anxiety hierachry=graded exposure

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21
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (anxiety)

A

combines elements of behavior therapy plus
emotion identification and rating
coping strategies(relaxation)
parents as models and supports

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22
Q

Neglect

A

most prevalent form of abuse; does not involve violence, failure to provide

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23
Q

Physical abuse

A

injuries result from over discipline

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24
Q

Sexual abuse

A

exploiting child to sexually explicit material/asking child to engage in sex
occurs in 1 in 6 boys; perpetrators abuse both boys and girls

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25
Demographic Characteristics of Maltreatment
abuse occurs across SES & race/ethnicity occurs in boys and girls
26
Characteristics of a Healthy Family
knowledge of child development & experiences adequate coping skills "normal" parent-child attachment & communication behavior management skills shared parenting responsibilities access to social & health services available support
27
Traumatic Event
exposure to actual/threatened harm or fear of death/injury (i.e physical & sexual abuse)
28
Stressful Event
more common & less extreme' may be single event or involve multiple ongoing events (i.e breaking up w/ partner, failing exam)
29
Maltreatment
any act/failure to act as parent which results in death, serious physical/emotional harm, sexual abuse, imminent risk maltreatment NOT abnormal behavior, it's a risk factor
30
Emotional Abuse
calling child degrading name, telling child they are worthless, etc
31
Emotional neglect
marked inattention for child's need for affection, lack of supervision
32
Medical neglect
refusal/delay in seeking healthcare
33
Educational neglect
chronic truancy
34
Moral neglect
allowing child to engage in crime
35
Child Characteristics for Maltreatment
younger kids more at risk for abuse & neglect; older kids more at risk for sexual abuse except for sexual abuse, victimization rate is inversely related maltreatment even in boys and girls sexual abuse victims = 80% female
36
Family Characteristics for Maltreatment
forms of maltreatment occur more during periods of stress maltreatment not caused by severe forms of adult psychopathy many abusive caregivers had abusive parents/difficult childhoods lack of child-rearing & info-processing skills as well as strategies to cope with stress and anger
37
Poverty & Maltreatment
poverty associated with severe restrictions in environment disadvantage>stress/limited options>impair coping
38
Protective Factors for youth experiencing Maltreatment
positive relationship with one important, consistent person
39
Impact of removal from home
children need stable environment to adapt successfully removing child can be another source of stress
40
hyperresponsive reactions
releasing more cortisol to mundane stress
41
hyporespontsive reactions
system so overwhelmed it is not even turning on
42
emotion dysregulation
have difficulty understanding, labeling and regulating internal emotional states remain more fearful and on alert abused kids tend to make hostile attributions girls show more internalizing signs boys show more externalizing signs
43
Revictimization and maltreatment
development and self-actualization severely compromised youth who grow up in violent home report more violence toward their partners
44
Reactive Attachment Disorder
consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adults persistent social and emotional disturbance child experiences patterns of extreme/insufficent care age:9mos-5yrs
45
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adult age group:9mos-5yrs
46
PTSD
exposure to actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence presecene of one or more intrusion symptoms persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with event negative alterations in cognitions in mood associated with event marked alterations in arousal specify if depersonalization or derealization
47
Acute Stress Disorder
development during/within 1 month after exposure to traumatic stressor of 9 symptoms associated with intrusion
48
Adjustment Disorder
development of emotional symptoms in response to identifiable stressors occurring within 3 months
49
Trauma-Focused CBT
Psychoeducation & Parenting Skills Relaxation techniques Affective expression & regulation Cognitive coping & processing Trauma narrative In vivo exposure Conjoint parent/child sessions Enhancing personal safety &Future growth
50
Importance of Sleep
sleep is primary activity of brain in 1st yrs of life essential for brain development and regulation
51
Common Sleep Problems across Development (preschool>adolescents)
infants & toddlers:night-waking problems preschoolers:more falling asleep problems school-aged:going-to-bed problems adolescents:increased need for sleep, likely getting less sleep
52
Sleep deprivation
impairs functioning of prefrontal cortex decreased concentration poor impulse inhibition irritability and mood lability
53
Link btwn Sleep and Psychological Problems
bidirectional relationship btwn sleep problems and psychological issues
54
Dysomnias
disorders of initiating/maintaining sleep difficulty getting enough sleep disruptions in sleep process common in childhood with exception of narcolepsy Disorders: insomnia, narcolepsy, breathing-related disorders, circadian rhythm disorders,hypersomnoience disorder
55
Parasomnias
disorders in which behavioral or psychological events intrude ongoing sleep complaints of unusual behavior common in early-mid-childhood Disorders:nightmare disorders, sleep terrors, sleepwalking
56
Sleep Disorder Treatment
sleep hygiene (keeping bed just for sleep, etc) lower stress during daytime
57
Chronic Illness
lasts longer than 3 months orregular hospitalization of 1 month
58
Internalizing Symptoms
anxiety, depressive, & PTSD symptoms
59
Externalizing Symptoms
can complicate medical management
60
Chronic Illness impacts on family
parents & siblings at risk for adjustment difficulties
61
Pediatric Psychology
emerged to fill unmet needs for services in pediatric settings like hospitals work with health promotion and prevention
62
Enuresis
repeated voiding of urine during day and at night in bed or clothes at least 2x per week for 3 months cause significant distress causes: bladder dysfunction, UTI, excessive nocturnal urine bc of low levels of vasopressin
63
Treatment of Enuresis
Diurnal: behavioral rehearsal-child practices going to toilet overcorrection- child washes their clothes, dries, & folds it Nocturnal: desmopressin urine alarm-use of wet-detection alarm dry-bed training- awakening child once per night before wake time
64
Encopresis
involuntary loss of formed, semi-formed, or liquid stool in inappropriate places at least once per month for 3 months have to consider constipation causes: avoiding, suppressing body's signals can result in megacolon
65
Treatment of Encopresis
emphasis on positive reinforcement of going to bathroom (operant conditioning)
66
Most common substance used in adolescents?
Alcohol

Abnormal Child Psych (7 decks)

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