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Abnormal Child Psych > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Anxiety

A

future-oriented; lack of control over upcoming events

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2
Q

Fear

A

present-oriented; specific focus, short-term

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3
Q

Panic

A

fear response in absence of specific threat

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4
Q

fight/flight/freeze response

A

in response to fear, can be triggered by panic

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5
Q

Physical signs of anxiety

A

increased heart rate, fatigue, nausea, dizziness

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6
Q

Cognitive signs of anxiety

A

thoughts of beings scared, difficulty concentrating, blanking out

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7
Q

Behavioral signs of anxiety

A

avoidance, crying, tantrums, nail biting, stuttering

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8
Q

Gender differences for Anxiety Disorders

A

greater prevalence in girls than boys

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9
Q

Temperament Theory

A

variations in reactions to new situations due to brain chemistry, low behavioral inhibtion

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10
Q

Family Factors Theory

A

higher levels of family dysfunction= more severe anxiety; over involved and intrusive parents have more anxious kids
parents expectations can have kids less capable to cope

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11
Q

Behavioral perspective theory

A

two-factor theory: learned via classical conditioning and maintained w/ operant
Classical:
1. object of fear
2.anxious reaction
Operant:
3. unpleasant feeling
4. escape/avoidance
5. comfort/consoling

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12
Q

Seperation Anxiety

A

age-inappropraite, excessive anxiety about being apart from parents(early childhood)
one of most common childhood anxiety disorders
onset: 7-8 is erliest
2/3rds will develop another disorder

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13
Q

Social Anxiety

A

marked, persistent fear of social performance that expose child to embarrassment (mid-adolescent)
common fear=doing something in front of others
onset: early mid-adolescent

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14
Q

Selective Mutism

A

failure to talk in specific social situations even though they speak at home (early/middle childhood)
onset: 3-4yrs
May be accompaniedby oppositional behavior
may be extreme social phobia but different than social anxiety

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15
Q

Panic Disorder

A

marked with panic attacks; rare in young children more common in adolescents

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16
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

excessive, uncontrollable anxiety & worry; worry about minor occurrences
accompanied by at least 1 somatic symptom
equally common in boys and girls
onset: early adolescence

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17
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear/anxiety in certain places and situations (using public transportation, being in enclosed spaces)
fear of having panic-like symptoms in situations where escape is unavoidable
onset: late adolescence

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18
Q

Specific Phobia

A

persistent, irrational fear that leads to avoidance of feared object & causes impairment (middle childhood)
onset:7-9yrs

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19
Q

OCD

A

characterized by recurrent obsessions (persistent and intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive, purposeful behaviors)
have to be time-consuming and take up 1hr per day at least
more common in boys
onset:9-12; peaks early adolescence

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20
Q

Behavioral Therapy (anxiety)

A

exposure to feared stimulus
evoke anxious reaction
no escape/avoidance
habituate to simulus
introduce contingencies that reinforce “bravery”
anxiety hierachry=graded exposure

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21
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (anxiety)

A

combines elements of behavior therapy plus
emotion identification and rating
coping strategies(relaxation)
parents as models and supports

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22
Q

Neglect

A

most prevalent form of abuse; does not involve violence, failure to provide

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23
Q

Physical abuse

A

injuries result from over discipline

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24
Q

Sexual abuse

A

exploiting child to sexually explicit material/asking child to engage in sex
occurs in 1 in 6 boys; perpetrators abuse both boys and girls

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25
Q

Demographic Characteristics of Maltreatment

A

abuse occurs across SES & race/ethnicity
occurs in boys and girls

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26
Q

Characteristics of a Healthy Family

A

knowledge of child development & experiences
adequate coping skills
“normal” parent-child attachment & communication
behavior management skills
shared parenting responsibilities
access to social & health services
available support

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27
Q

Traumatic Event

A

exposure to actual/threatened harm or fear of death/injury
(i.e physical & sexual abuse)

28
Q

Stressful Event

A

more common & less extreme’ may be single event or involve multiple ongoing events
(i.e breaking up w/ partner, failing exam)

29
Q

Maltreatment

A

any act/failure to act as parent which results in death, serious physical/emotional harm, sexual abuse, imminent risk
maltreatment NOT abnormal behavior, it’s a risk factor

30
Q

Emotional Abuse

A

calling child degrading name, telling child they are worthless, etc

31
Q

Emotional neglect

A

marked inattention for child’s need for affection, lack of supervision

32
Q

Medical neglect

A

refusal/delay in seeking healthcare

33
Q

Educational neglect

A

chronic truancy

34
Q

Moral neglect

A

allowing child to engage in crime

35
Q

Child Characteristics for Maltreatment

A

younger kids more at risk for abuse & neglect; older kids more at risk for sexual abuse
except for sexual abuse, victimization rate is inversely related
maltreatment even in boys and girls
sexual abuse victims = 80% female

36
Q

Family Characteristics for Maltreatment

A

forms of maltreatment occur more during periods of stress
maltreatment not caused by severe forms of adult psychopathy
many abusive caregivers had abusive parents/difficult childhoods
lack of child-rearing & info-processing skills as well as strategies to cope with stress and anger

37
Q

Poverty & Maltreatment

A

poverty associated with severe restrictions in environment
disadvantage>stress/limited options>impair coping

38
Q

Protective Factors for youth experiencing Maltreatment

A

positive relationship with one important, consistent person

39
Q

Impact of removal from home

A

children need stable environment to adapt successfully
removing child can be another source of stress

40
Q

hyperresponsive reactions

A

releasing more cortisol to mundane stress

41
Q

hyporespontsive reactions

A

system so overwhelmed it is not even turning on

42
Q

emotion dysregulation

A

have difficulty understanding, labeling and regulating internal emotional states
remain more fearful and on alert
abused kids tend to make hostile attributions
girls show more internalizing signs
boys show more externalizing signs

43
Q

Revictimization and maltreatment

A

development and self-actualization severely compromised
youth who grow up in violent home report more violence toward their partners

44
Q

Reactive Attachment Disorder

A

consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adults
persistent social and emotional disturbance
child experiences patterns of extreme/insufficent care
age:9mos-5yrs

45
Q

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

A

child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adult
age group:9mos-5yrs

46
Q

PTSD

A

exposure to actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence
presecene of one or more intrusion symptoms
persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with event
negative alterations in cognitions in mood associated with event
marked alterations in arousal
specify if
depersonalization or derealization

47
Q

Acute Stress Disorder

A

development during/within 1 month after exposure to traumatic stressor of 9 symptoms associated with intrusion

48
Q

Adjustment Disorder

A

development of emotional symptoms in response to identifiable stressors occurring within 3 months

49
Q

Trauma-Focused CBT

A

Psychoeducation & Parenting Skills
Relaxation techniques
Affective expression & regulation
Cognitive coping & processing
Trauma narrative
In vivo exposure
Conjoint parent/child sessions
Enhancing personal safety &Future growth

50
Q

Importance of Sleep

A

sleep is primary activity of brain in 1st yrs of life
essential for brain development and regulation

51
Q

Common Sleep Problems across Development (preschool>adolescents)

A

infants & toddlers:night-waking problems
preschoolers:more falling asleep problems
school-aged:going-to-bed problems
adolescents:increased need for sleep, likely getting less sleep

52
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

impairs functioning of prefrontal cortex
decreased concentration
poor impulse inhibition
irritability and mood lability

53
Q

Link btwn Sleep and Psychological Problems

A

bidirectional relationship btwn sleep problems and psychological issues

54
Q

Dysomnias

A

disorders of initiating/maintaining sleep
difficulty getting enough sleep
disruptions in sleep process
common in childhood with exception of narcolepsy
Disorders: insomnia, narcolepsy, breathing-related disorders, circadian rhythm disorders,hypersomnoience disorder

55
Q

Parasomnias

A

disorders in which behavioral or psychological events intrude ongoing sleep
complaints of unusual behavior
common in early-mid-childhood
Disorders:nightmare disorders, sleep terrors, sleepwalking

56
Q

Sleep Disorder Treatment

A

sleep hygiene (keeping bed just for sleep, etc) lower stress during daytime

57
Q

Chronic Illness

A

lasts longer than 3 months orregular hospitalization of 1 month

58
Q

Internalizing Symptoms

A

anxiety, depressive, & PTSD symptoms

59
Q

Externalizing Symptoms

A

can complicate medical management

60
Q

Chronic Illness impacts on family

A

parents & siblings at risk for adjustment difficulties

61
Q

Pediatric Psychology

A

emerged to fill unmet needs for services in pediatric settings like hospitals
work with health promotion and prevention

62
Q

Enuresis

A

repeated voiding of urine during day and at night in bed or clothes
at least 2x per week for 3 months
cause significant distress
causes: bladder dysfunction, UTI, excessive nocturnal urine bc of low levels of vasopressin

63
Q

Treatment of Enuresis

A

Diurnal: behavioral rehearsal-child practices going to toilet
overcorrection- child washes their clothes, dries, & folds it
Nocturnal: desmopressin
urine alarm-use of wet-detection alarm
dry-bed training- awakening child once per night before wake time

64
Q

Encopresis

A

involuntary loss of formed, semi-formed, or liquid stool in inappropriate places
at least once per month for 3 months
have to consider constipation
causes: avoiding, suppressing body’s signals
can result in megacolon

65
Q

Treatment of Encopresis

A

emphasis on positive reinforcement of going to bathroom (operant conditioning)

66
Q

Most common substance used in adolescents?

A

Alcohol

Abnormal Child Psych (7 decks)

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