Exam 2 Review Flashcards
Anxiety
future-oriented; lack of control over upcoming events
Fear
present-oriented; specific focus, short-term
Panic
fear response in absence of specific threat
fight/flight/freeze response
in response to fear, can be triggered by panic
Physical signs of anxiety
increased heart rate, fatigue, nausea, dizziness
Cognitive signs of anxiety
thoughts of beings scared, difficulty concentrating, blanking out
Behavioral signs of anxiety
avoidance, crying, tantrums, nail biting, stuttering
Gender differences for Anxiety Disorders
greater prevalence in girls than boys
Temperament Theory
variations in reactions to new situations due to brain chemistry, low behavioral inhibtion
Family Factors Theory
higher levels of family dysfunction= more severe anxiety; over involved and intrusive parents have more anxious kids
parents expectations can have kids less capable to cope
Behavioral perspective theory
two-factor theory: learned via classical conditioning and maintained w/ operant
Classical:
1. object of fear
2.anxious reaction
Operant:
3. unpleasant feeling
4. escape/avoidance
5. comfort/consoling
Seperation Anxiety
age-inappropraite, excessive anxiety about being apart from parents(early childhood)
one of most common childhood anxiety disorders
onset: 7-8 is erliest
2/3rds will develop another disorder
Social Anxiety
marked, persistent fear of social performance that expose child to embarrassment (mid-adolescent)
common fear=doing something in front of others
onset: early mid-adolescent
Selective Mutism
failure to talk in specific social situations even though they speak at home (early/middle childhood)
onset: 3-4yrs
May be accompaniedby oppositional behavior
may be extreme social phobia but different than social anxiety
Panic Disorder
marked with panic attacks; rare in young children more common in adolescents
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
excessive, uncontrollable anxiety & worry; worry about minor occurrences
accompanied by at least 1 somatic symptom
equally common in boys and girls
onset: early adolescence
Agoraphobia
fear/anxiety in certain places and situations (using public transportation, being in enclosed spaces)
fear of having panic-like symptoms in situations where escape is unavoidable
onset: late adolescence
Specific Phobia
persistent, irrational fear that leads to avoidance of feared object & causes impairment (middle childhood)
onset:7-9yrs
OCD
characterized by recurrent obsessions (persistent and intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive, purposeful behaviors)
have to be time-consuming and take up 1hr per day at least
more common in boys
onset:9-12; peaks early adolescence
Behavioral Therapy (anxiety)
exposure to feared stimulus
evoke anxious reaction
no escape/avoidance
habituate to simulus
introduce contingencies that reinforce “bravery”
anxiety hierachry=graded exposure
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (anxiety)
combines elements of behavior therapy plus
emotion identification and rating
coping strategies(relaxation)
parents as models and supports
Neglect
most prevalent form of abuse; does not involve violence, failure to provide
Physical abuse
injuries result from over discipline
Sexual abuse
exploiting child to sexually explicit material/asking child to engage in sex
occurs in 1 in 6 boys; perpetrators abuse both boys and girls
Demographic Characteristics of Maltreatment
abuse occurs across SES & race/ethnicity
occurs in boys and girls
Characteristics of a Healthy Family
knowledge of child development & experiences
adequate coping skills
“normal” parent-child attachment & communication
behavior management skills
shared parenting responsibilities
access to social & health services
available support