Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal Child Psych > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Equifinality

A

Multiple pathways lead to one outcome. (i.e genetics, environmental and more can cause depression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Multifiniality

A

Various outcomes come from similar beginnings. (i.e. child who gets bullied may develop conduct problems or may turn out normal functioning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risk factors

A

Variable that precedes a negative outcome (i.e. poverty, child abuse, maltreatment, genetics of parent with mental illness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Protective factors

A

personal/situational variable that mitigate the risk of child developing abnormal behavior (i.e. positive-parent child relationship, close friendships, success at school)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Selective attention

A

allow individual to attend to one thing while suppressing irrelevant information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sustained attention

A

vigilance=core feature, ability to keep attention on task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alerting

A

how we respond to stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cognitive Impulsivity

A

inability to weigh consequences of immediate and future events, delay gratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Behavioral impulsivity

A

what adults have issue with; act on behavior without thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Emotional impulsivity/dysregulation

A

impatience, problems self-regulating primary emotional response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ADHD-PI

A

predominantly inattentive; most common in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ADHD-HI

A

predominantly hyperactive-impulsive; rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ADHD-C

A

combined presentation, both hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive; most common in clinical setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gender differences of ADHD

A

diagnosed more often in boys(6-9%) than girls(2-4%); girls present symptoms differently that boys who are more overt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Developmental course of ADHD
(Infancy>Adulthood)

A

Infancy: likely symptoms present at birth but no reliable method to test before 3
Preschool: hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms more present at this age
Elementary:symptoms more evident, OD behaviors increase, defiance and hostility may become serious problems
Adolescence: some outgrow problems, 50% don’t and have serious impairments.
Adulthood: well-established as adult disorder, some outgrow problems, many cope with symptoms some do not and have problems in new domains (i.e traffic violations, work difficulties)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cognitive & Academic Factors of ADHD

A

general deficit in executive function, lower productivity, grades; IQ typically average

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Health & Family Factors of ADHD

A

enuresis and encopresis, asthma, sleep disturbances; 50% accident prone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Social Functioning of ADHD

A

Often bullied by peers, higher rates of substance use and early, risky sexual behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Genetics Theory (ADHD)

A

no one gene is cause of ADHD; if parent has ADHD=60% chance of child having it; difficult to disentangle environmental factors (substance use in pregnancy) with ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neurobiological Theory (ADHD)

A

Problems with Frontostriatal circuitry of brain which control executive functions, motivation, sustained attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Family Factors Theory (ADHD)

A

family influences may lead to ADHD symptoms or greater severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Parent Management Training

A

corporal punishment associated with increased aggression; training provides parents with skills to manage child’s oppositional and noncompliant behaviors, cope with emotional demands of raising child with ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ADHD Medication

A

stimulants used; increase blood flow to frontostriatal parts of brain

24
Q

School Based Interventions

A

The behavioral classroom management approach encourages a student’s positive behaviors in the classroom, through a reward systems or a daily report card, and discourages their negative behaviors.

25
Q

Childhood onset Conduct Disorder

A

have one symptom of CD before the age of 10; more likely to be boys and more aggressive

26
Q

Adolescent Onset Conduct Disorder

A

less likely to commit violent crimes; can be boys or girls

27
Q

ODD>CD

A

ODD typically emerges 2-3 years before CD, 1/2 kids with CD have no prior ODD

28
Q

Snares

A

outcome of antisocial behavior that restrict opportunities (homelessness, not graduating)

29
Q

ODD Characteristics

A

age-inappropriate recurrent pattern of behavior of stubborn/defiant behaviors
appears by age 8
angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviors, vindictiveness
need 4 symptoms for 6 months

30
Q

CD Characteristics

A

repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior; major age inappropriate behavior
presence of 3/15 criteria for year with one present in last 6 months
aggression to people and animals
destruction of property
deceitfulness/theft

31
Q

Gender differences ODD/CD

A

More common in boys than girls; girls more likely to spread gossip and show CP in different ways, gender gap wider in childhood and narrows in adolescence

32
Q

Callous-unemotional traits

A

lack of empathy, linked with high narcism

33
Q

Major Causes of Conduct Problems

A

major life events: child abuse strong predictor for CD
Family: parenting behaviors that are harsh and inconsistent related with conduct problems
peers: more likely to experience peer rejection

34
Q

Hostile attribution bias

A

a type of cognitive bias where individuals tend to interpret the behavior of others in various situations as threatening, aggressive, or both.

35
Q

Associated Characteristics of Conduct Problems

A

high levels of conflict common in families, verbal deficits present early underachievement in academics, poor social skills and poor self-esteem, high risk of personal injury and drug use

36
Q

Comorbidity of CD/ODD

A

ADHD (50% have CD), depression and anxiety common

37
Q

Coercive Cycle of parent-child interactions

A

parent and child coercive interactions can be reinforced and strengthened over time (child throws tantrum over screen, parent gives screen back to child)

38
Q

Treatment for CD

A

parent management training can improve parent-child interactions
multi systemic therapy focuses on multiple systems and specifically seeks to address disturbing behaviors on the parts of the juvenile offenders, their families and their peers

39
Q

Why is depression under diagnosed in kids?

A

assumed depression was not in children, childhood seen as happy portion of life, why would they be depressed

40
Q

Developmental course of Depression
(preschool>preteens)

A

Preschool:somber, passive, unresponsive
School-age:increasing irritability and disruptive behavior; physical symptoms (i.e stomachaches)
Preteens: self-blame, low self-esteem; feel isolated from family

41
Q

MDD

A

minimum duration 2 weeks; depressed irritable mood, loss of interest (1 of 2 necessary)
5 or more symptoms (significant weight loss, insomnia
2-8% exp. MDD, rare in preschool and school-age kids
age of onset 13-15 chance of reoccurrence for 5yrs= 75%
90% or more have another disorder(anxiety)
no gender difference until puberty

42
Q

PDD

A

symptoms of depressed mood occur on most days and last 1 yr
3 symptoms total with one somatic symptom (unhappy and irritable mood)
poor emotion regulation
lower rate of P-DD than MDD; most comorbid disorder=MDD

43
Q

BPD

A

unusually and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, alternating w/ one or more major depressive episode
history of psychotic symptoms, may require hospitalization
typical onset 15-19yrs old
difficult to diagnose in kids, milder bipolar II and cyclothymic more common

44
Q

Behavioral Theory of Depression

A

depression related to lack of positive reinforcement
youth unable to experience reinforcement
changes in environment
youth may lack skills

45
Q

Cognitive Theory of Depression

A

focus on relationship between negative thinking and mood
internal, stable, global
Negative triad, view of self, view of future, view of world
depressogenic cognitions

46
Q

Depression (symptom)

A

feeling sad or miserable

47
Q

Depression (syndrome)

A

group of symptoms that occur together more often than by chance

48
Q

Depression (disorder)

A

MDD, P-DD, etc

49
Q

Associated Characteristics of Depression

A

difficulty concentrating, loss of interest, poor academic performance, most youth with depression think about suicide, feelings of worthlessness

50
Q

Causes of Depression

A

Genetics: 3x more likely to have depression if parents have it
Neurobiological: HPA-axis dysregulation, heightened sensitivity to stress

51
Q

Treatment of Depression

A

CBT and IPT most effective
cognitive therapy-teaches youth to identify and modify negative thoughts
behavior therapy-increase pleasurable activities for more reinforcement

52
Q

Mania

A

distinct period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased activity/energy
symptoms present for one week
(Bipolar I)

53
Q

Hypomania

A

less severe than mania
symptoms for 4 days, no impairment or hospitalization

54
Q

Causes of BPD

A

one of the most highly heritable mental disorders

55
Q

Treatment of BPD

A

no cure; manage symptoms
multimodal treatment most effective
lithium used but must be monitored

56
Q

Dimensional Approach of CD

A

covert-truancy, skipping school
overt- assault, fights
destructive-theft, vandalism
nondestructive- annoying people

Abnormal Child Psych (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions