Exam 2 - Reproductive toxicants & induced abortion

Question 1

Plants that are teratogenic

Answer 1

locoweed

poison hemlock

lupines

tree tobacco

Question 2

plants that cause abortions

Answer 2

locoweed

nitrates

ponderosa pine

broomweed

Question 3

plants that cause infertility

Answer 3

locoweed

fescue

insecticides (?)

Question 4

which plant is teratogenic, causes abortions & infertility

Answer 4

locoweed

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Question 5

Poison hemlock

Answer 5

1st green forage to appear

spring time

Crooked calf syndrome

ingestion 50-75 d

Question 6

Lupines

Answer 6

Anagyrine & ammodendrine = toxic agents

teratogenic:

severe limb & spine deformities

cleft palate

ingestion 40-75 d

Not teratogenic in SR

Question 7

Tobacco

Answer 7

teratogenic

arthrogryposis of forelimbs & curvature of spince

ingestion 50-75d

Question 8

locoweed

Answer 8

Astragalus & Oxytropis spp.

toxic agent: Swainsonine

cattle get “hooked”!

Question 9

ponderosa pine

Answer 9

isocupressic acid

hemorrhagic placentitis

Question 10

broomweed or snakeweed

Answer 10

mono& diterpenes, saponins, oxygenated flavonol methyl esters

abortion & RFM

Question 11

Fescue

Answer 11

fungus Neotyphodium coenophialium

toxic alkaloids = ergovaline

peripheral vasoconstriction ⇒ cows get super hot!

“Summer slump”

Question 12

Nitrates

Answer 12

nitrate accumulating plants:

Johnson grass, Sudan grass, oats, wheat, corn

⇒ methemoglobinemia

Dx: ocular fluid of aborted fetus

late gestation abotions

Test hay

Question 13

2 hydrops conditions

Answer 13

hydrallantois

hydramnios

Question 14

hydrallantois

Answer 14

placental dysfunction in last trimester

abnormal accumulation of allantoic fluid

more common hyddrallantois > hydamnios

Question 15

hydamnios

Answer 15

fetal dysfunction

gradual accumulation of excessive amniotic fluid

Question 16

what is the origin of progesterone in cow

Answer 16

CL for first 150 days

150-250 days placenta joins in

>250 day placenta stops and only CL again

Question 17

what type of hormone lyses CL & which 2 drugs

Answer 17

prostaglandins

• lutalyse
• estrumate

Question 18

what stops placental progesterone production

Answer 18

corticosteriods

• dexamethasone

Question 19

actions of drugs used

Answer 19

PGF acts to cause luteolysis

• will occur any time it is given after day 5-6
• has no effect on placental P4 production

Corticosteroids reduce placental P4 production

• have no effect on CL

Question 20

5-150 d gestation abortion strategy

Answer 20

1 inj PGF

aborts in 5-7 d; fertile estrus 3-5 d later

Question 21

150-240 d gestation abortion strategy

Answer 21

must remove ovarian & placental P4

25mg dex + 25mg Lutalyse

abortion in 5 days

Question 22

induced parturition in cow

Answer 22

in final month of gestation Dex or PGF alone will induce parturition in 2-3 d

best protocol involves combo of 25mg dex & 25mg PGF with reliable delivery in 40 hours