Exam 2 - NonInfectious Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Metritis?

A

severe inflammation involving all layers of uterus

  • endometrial mucosa & submucoss
  • muscularis
  • serosa

Occurs w/i 21 days post calving

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2
Q

What is definition of Endometritis?

A

Inflammation of the endometrium extending no deeper that the stratum spongiosum

Occurs at least 21 days post calving

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3
Q

What is pyometra?

A

collection of purulent exudate of varialble amt w/i endometrial cavity

persistence of corpus luteum

suspension of estrous cycle

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4
Q

CS of Metritis

A

fetid red-brown watery uterine discharge

w/i 21 d post calving

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5
Q

definition & CS of puerperal metritis

A

usually w/i 10 d post parturition

pyrexia

decr. milk yield

dullness

inappetance or anorexia

incr HR

deH2O

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6
Q

Dx of metritis

A

abn lrg uterus post calving

w/i 21 d

presence of purulent discharge

+/- pyrexia

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7
Q

Metritis Tx

A

Systemic Abx

Ceftiofur

Penicillin

Oxytet

Anti-inflammatory

+/- uterine lavage

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8
Q

Risk factors for endometritis

A

RFM (retained fetal membranes)

stillbirth

twins

assisted calving

primiparity

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9
Q

CS of clinical endometritis

A

purulent discharge detectable in vagina >= 21d or more post calving

no systemic illness

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10
Q

Dx of clinical endometritis

A

rectal palp

transrectal u/s

exam vaginal contents

  • gloved hand
  • metricheck device

presence of >50% purulent material (score 3) in uterine discharge detectable in vagina 21d or more post parturition

presence of mucopurulent material (score 2) in vagina after 26d post partum

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11
Q

What is this?

A

Metricheck device

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12
Q

What is the #1 reason of infertility in herds

A

Clinical endometritis!

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13
Q

Tx for endometritis

A

Ceftiofur Sodium

1mg/kg IM or SQ 3-5d

Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid

6.6mg/kg SQ SID; 72h 2nd dose

Meat withdrawal 13 days!

On label for metritis, off label for endometritis!

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14
Q

What could this be I wonder?

What are its charcteristics?

A

Cow pyometra

  • purulent exudate in uterus*
  • presence of CL*
  • no estrus*
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15
Q

Etiology of pyometra

Why?

A

occurs when metritis, endometritis, lochia, or other contents are present & ovulaton occurs resulting in CL formation

Uterine contents (no matter how gross!) inhibit PgF2a release, & CL is maintained!

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16
Q

when is approx 1st post-partum ovulation in dairy cow?

when is normal gross uterine involution complete?

A

≈ 18d

≈ 30d

17
Q

What is different if a pyometra is discoverd after a natural breeding?

A

May be more likely due to tritrichomoniasis!

18
Q

How is pyometra different in dogs/cats than cows

A

not an emergent situation!

19
Q

Dx & CS of pyometra

A

routine repro herd health visit (fresh cow checks)

hx or complaint of unobserved estrus

no observed estrus after VWP

20
Q

Tx of pyometra

A

Remove CL

  • PgF2a

Px fair→good but DON’T BREED on first heat after CL removal

21
Q

What are some causes of Anestrus

A

Prepubertal anestrus

  • nutrition
  • age
  • intersex

Postpartum anestrus ⇒ beef > dairy

Post-service anestrus

Heat/stress

cystic ovarian follicle

22
Q

True vs apparent anestrus

A

True vs Apparent

insufficient hormonal stimulus failure to detct estrus

failure to know that she is pregnant

23
Q

What are the intersex states in cows

A

freemartinism

ovarian aplasia/hypoplasia

24
Q

what are some reasons for prepubertal anestrus

A

Poor nutrition

Too young

  • Breed variations: Zebu puberty later, Dairy earlier
    • Genetic components: larger scrotal circumference = earlier
25
Q

Pathophysiology of freemartinism

A

shared chorioallantoic membranes

testicles of malle twin develop prior to female⇒leads to production of AMH→goes to female tract→inhibits development of duct systems of female

26
Q

clinical appearance of freemartins

A

▪ Broad variation
▪ Most common apparently normal
▪ Can have small vulva, enlarged clitoris, tuft of
hair on ventral vulva
▪ Internal repro organs are abnormal:

Vestigial ovaries

Reduced devlpt of paramesomephric duct system

Some devlpt of male duct system

Most common= small genital tract, hypoplastic ovaries,
short vagina, and absent cervix

27
Q

Dx of fremmartinism

A

Hx of twin birth

Probe vagina

vagina = 1/3 length of normal

80% detection rate

28
Q

How long is postpartum anestrus

A

Normal 3-5 wks

Lactational anestrus

29
Q

Definition of Ovarian Follicular Cysts

AKA: cystic ovarian degeneration, ovarian cysts, cystic ovaries

A

thin walled fluid filled follicular structure >25 mm (2.5cm)

w/ absence of luteal tissue

persist for minimum of 10 d

30
Q

1º sign of cystic ovaries

A

anestrus

some cows show nymphomania

31
Q

Dx of ovarian follicular cysts

A

> 80% cows show anestrus
At least 2.5cm diameter large fluid filled in absence of a CL

Palpation Per Rectum
Ultrasound
May require serial examination as cyst grows in size

32
Q

Tx of ovarian follicular cysts

A

spontaneous recovery

lutenize it/lyse it

  • GnRH/PgF2a
  • hCG/PgF2a

Progesterone (CIDR) for 7 d then lyse

33
Q
A