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My 2017 RUSVM Theriogenology > Exam 2 - Infecctious Infertility bacteria & protozoal > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Infecctious Infertility bacteria & protozoal Flashcards

1
Q

Fetus definition

A

recognizable body parts

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2
Q

Early Embryonic Death definition

A

fetal death < 8 weeks of preg

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3
Q

when is it considered an Abortion?

A

occurs between 42 or 56d ⇔ 260d of gestation

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4
Q

When is it considered a Stillbirth?

A

Fetal death > 260d of gestation

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5
Q

When do we consider intervention? (At what % of herd occurence?)

A

Intervention level is > 5% of a herd

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6
Q

What is #1 dx of abortion

A

Unknown

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7
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Bacterial

G + coccobacillus

rotting hay & improperly stored silage

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8
Q

pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes

A

ingestion→ replication in monocytes→ placenta→ placentitis & fetal septicemia⇒ ABORTION

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9
Q

CS of L. monocytogenes

A

Abortion in last trimester

Sick infected cows, before, during & after abortion

encephalitis & neonatal dz

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10
Q

Dx of L. monocytogenes

A

isolation of organism from fetal tissues & placenta

Lesions:

autolysed

foci of necrosis in liver (similar to BVH-1)

pinpoint yellow, necrotic foci on tips of cotyledonary villi with focal or diffuse intercotyledonary placentitis

not necessarily pathognemonic!

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11
Q

Tx of L. monocytogenes

A

Cow usually recovers

Prevention:

proper silage storage

clean up around old, wet hay rings

Don’t feed rotten material to preg. animals

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12
Q

What is this?

What is important to remember about the serovars?

A

Leptospirosis

All serovars are ZOONOTIC!

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13
Q

Difference b/w host adapted serovars & non host adapted?

A

Host adapted:

insidious repro loss d/t infertility

L. interrogans hardjo-prajitno (USA)

L. borgpetersenii hardjo-bovis (UK)

Non host adapted:

ABORTION STORMS

L. pomona, grippo, ictero, canicola, others

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14
Q

Pathogenesis of Lepto

A

4 - 10d incubation period→ bacteremia⇒ localizes & persists in renal tubules = more sheding…more exposure…more infections

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15
Q

CS of Leptospirosis

A

Often none!

hemolytic anemia

hepato/renal dz

abortion (time of abortion depends on spp involved

photosensitization

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16
Q

Transmission of Lepto

A

URINE, placental fluids, milk, transplacental, semen

Can survive in wet environment for up to 30 d

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17
Q

Dx of Lepto

A

Clinical Hx: infertility, abortions

Organism difficult to culture

FA of Maternal urine or fetal kidney

Dam serology not much help…once abortion occurs, maternal Ab already elevated

18
Q

Lepto Tx

A

NONE!

limit exposure to wildlife, pigs, rodents

Vx:

multivalent for non-host adapted

monovalent for host adapted

can vx in outbreak & give tetracycline

19
Q

Brucella abortus

A

G (-) coccobacillus, intracellular

Once most importan reproductive dz of cattle in USA

rarely a concern anymore

zoonotic = Undulant Fever

20
Q

Transmission & pathogenesis

A

1º means of transmission:

via mucus membranes→ l.n.→ bacteremia→ uterus→ multiplication in chorioallantoic trophoblasts→ fetal bacteremia and choriollantoic necrosis⇒ abortion.

Not commonly transmitted by coitus

has been transmitted by intrauterine deposition of frozen semen

Sire bulls should be test neg. for Brucella

21
Q

CS of Brucella abortus

A

ABORTION

  • frequently after 5th month of gestation*
  • RFM & metritis follow*

Some Brucella infected cows give birth to weak calves that die soon after birth

22
Q

Dx of Brucella abortus

A

Placentitis

intercotyledonary areas may be dry, thickened, cracked (Moroccan leather)

pathognemonic

definitive dx requires isolation of organism REPORTABLE!

23
Q

Tx & control of B. abortus

A

Tx:

REPORTABLE IN USA

NO TX FOR POSITIVES

Control:

Routine serologic testing to ID infected herds
▪Vx of heifers
▪Bangs Vaccination at 4-12 months
▪Depends on test
▪RB51- antibodies do not interfere with testing
▪Certified Brucellosis free herds are best source of new animals to assure you don’t introduce an infected animal

24
Q

Mycoplasma & Ureaplasma

A

uncommon & sporadic causes of abortion

Both organisms are found in the “normal” female reproductive tract

early & late term abortions

Granular vulvovaginitis

Salpingitis can lead to infertility

Not a major player & be careful w/ dx

25
Q

Minor players in bacterial infectious infertility

A
  • Haemophilus somnus*
  • weak calves & stillbirths more often than abortion
  • Chlamydia*
  • Salmonella*
26
Q

Campylobacter foetus veneralis

A

G - microaerophilic rod, comma shaped

Also called Vibrio

27
Q
  • Campylobacter fetus fetus*
  • C. fetus jejuni*
A

GIT inhabitants!

not transmitted venereally

sporadic abortions in cattle

28
Q

Campylobacter foetus veneralis

Transmission & pathogenesis

A

Coitus→ colonizes in vagina and cervix→ uterus and oviducts→ infection⇒ EED
Blame the bull! beef > dairy d/t bull use

Conception is not affected
Can also be transmitted through fomites
▪AI equipment
▪Embryo equipment

29
Q

Dx & CS C. foetus veneralis

A

1º = delayed return to estrus

rarely observed = vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis

< 10% abort fetus

  • 4-6 months

Bulls ⇒ none

Preputial scrapings/vaginal mucus

Clarks media

fetal abomasum contents, placenta

30
Q

Tx C. foetus veneralis

A

Tx:
▪Cull bulls
▪Cow usually clears in 3 to 6 months
Control:
▪AI
▪Use Campy negative bulls
▪Vaccines-
▪Vaccinate cows before breeding season
▪ 2 inj. 2-4 wks apart such that last injection is given 2 wks before breeding season
▪Annual booster

31
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus

A

much is the same stuff a campy/vibrio

Primarily preputial crypts

Older bulls increased #s

32
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus transmission & pathogenesis

A

Coitus transmitted to female→ establish infection in vagina and progress to uterus
▪Does not prevent conception
▪Causes fetal loss
▪Usually EED
▪Bulls are primary reservoirs

33
Q

Dx T. foetus

A

Herd hx

  • reverse stair step
  • gradual increase in herd infertility

postcoital pyometra

34
Q

What does this represent?

A

A reverse stairstep histogram - showing delayed return to estrus seen in T. foetus infections

35
Q

What is the name of the media used for T. foetus preputial scrapings?

A

InPouch

36
Q

What is necessary to confirm negative for T. foetus

A

3 neg samples each 1 month apart

37
Q

Tx for T. foetus

A

Use only culture negative or bulls less than 4 yrs old
▪Test and cull bulls
▪Use AI
Sexual rest for cows for min. 3 cycles- breed to uninfected bulls
Quarantine or divide herd

Vaccines- TrichGuard- doesn’t prevent dz- shortens recovery interval

“TRICH IS NO TREAT!”

38
Q

Neospora caninum

A

Worldwide

Dogs are definitive host

No clinical dz in dam

Infected calves are normal, weak or aborted

39
Q

Neospora caninum CS & Dx

A

CS:

Abortion 3rd trimester, cow not ill
Abortions can occur anytime
Lesions:
Fetus autolysed

Dx:
Most positive cows pass dz to offspring (80%)
Once a cow is positive, she stays positive

40
Q

Will you see N. caninum everywhere?

A

No, it’s a regional thing!

41
Q

N. caninum prevention & control

A

Disrupt predator-prey life cycle

Store & serve feed/water in a way that prevents fecal contamination

42
Q
A

My 2017 RUSVM Theriogenology (11 decks)

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