Exam 2 - Bovine Obstetrics

Question 1

Where is an episiotomy performed?

Answer 1

Incision of vulva @ 10 or 2 position

Question 2

What has less impact on future fertility, milk production? C-Section or Fetotomy

Answer 2

Fetotomy

esp. if a partial

Question 3

indications for a fetotomy

Answer 3

Not a LAST resort!

• 20 min rule
• dead fetus
• uncorrectable fetal malposition
• delivery by traction not working
• fetomaternal disproportion
• certain fetal monsters/ ankylosis
• incomplete cervical dilation

Question 4

requirements to perform fetotomy

Answer 4

adequate space between uterine wall & fetus

Question 5

what is the most common type of fetotomy

Answer 5

partial fetotomy

amputation of head, neck or limbs

Question 6

what are the cuts for full fetotomy

Answer 6

decapitation

amputation of forelimbs

detruncation

division of pelvis

Question 7

what are the most common reasons for C-sections

Answer 7

1. fetal oversize: pre-post emphysematous changes
2. incomplete cervical dilation or cervical closureon a dead fetus
3. irreducible uterine torsion
4. fetal deformity, e.g., schistosomus reflexus
5. errors of fetal presentation, position or posture
   
   1. breech w/ bilat flexion at hips won’t cause Ferguson reflex

Question 8

C-section considerations

Answer 8

Dam:

behavior, ability to stand

intended use of animal

Environment:

dirty or clean

Restraint

dairy usually standing, beef maybe

Question 9

why would you not want to use a ventral midline or paramedian incision for dairy cow

Answer 9

Milk Vein

Question 10

Where do you incise the uterus during C section?

Answer 10

greater curvature of uterus

tip of hock to tip of toe (of calf!)

Question 11

what side is a standing flank incision usually done on?

Answer 11

Left flank unless known that calf is on Rt side

Question 12

standing flank C-section blocks & restraint

Answer 12

+/- sedation: be careful

Head restraint

Local ax:

distal or proximal paravertebral (best for dairy)

inverted L (next best beef)

line block

Question 13

other C-section approaches

Answer 13

Bovine recumbent flank

hard to exteriorize (working in a hole)

Question 14

closure for C-Section

Answer 14

1 or #2 absorbable

inverting pattern

non-penetration

do not include placenta

Question 15

what are the 3 goals when closing uterus

Answer 15

serosa to serosa apposition

tight seal - NO LEAKING

minimal suture/knot exposure

Question 16

what are 3 types of suture patterns for uterine closure

Answer 16

1 or 2 layers:

Utrecht

Cushing

Lembert

Question 17

Peri & post C-section tx

Answer 17

Oxytocin to promote uterine contractions

before or after uterine closure (surgeons preference)

Stall rest

Antibiotics +/-

Ecbolics (oxytocin or lutalyse)

Analgesia + NSAIDs