Exam 2 pt 3 Flashcards
Designs for Quantitative Nursing Research
descriptive designs correlational pre experimental quasi experimental experimental
Typical
Comparative
descriptive designs
Descriptive correlational
Predictive
Model testing
correlational designs
One-group post-test only
Post-test only with nonequivalent groups
One group pretest- post-test
pre experimental designs
Nonequivalent control group
Untreated control group with pretest and post-test
Removed treatment with the pretest and post-test
Reversed-treatment nonequivalent control group
with the pretest and post-test
quasi experimental designs
Pretest-post-test control group Post-test only control group Randomized block Factorial Nested Crossover or counterbalanced Randomized clinical trials
experimental designs
what level of evidence is non experimental design
level 4 or level 6
non experimental design questions
“what is the relationship…” – Level IV
“what is or what are…” – Level VI
Level VI evidence
Used when little is known about a topic
Collect data about single variables; no relationships between/among variables are tested
No treatment/manipulation/intervention by the investigator
Terms exploratory, descriptive, or survey may be used
Non-experimental Descriptive Designs
Level IV evidence Usually something is known about the study variables (at level VI) No treatment/manipulation/intervention by the investigator Used to (C A R P)
Non-experimental Correlational Designs
what is CARP
correlation, association, relationship, prediction
what are correlational designs concerned about
nature of the relationship (positive, negative, or inverse)
magnitude (small, moderate, large) of the relationship (correlation or association)
Also level IV evidence
Used to test complex theoretical relationships
model testing designs
types of analysis
Linear regression
Structural equation modeling
Path analysis
data are collected in present or future time
prospective designs
dependent variable is identified & documented along with causative or contributing factors
retrospective designs
single data collection point
cross sectional designs
multiple data collection points over time
longitudinal designs
what level is experimental design
level 2 and level 3
what question is asked for experimental design
“what would happen if…” – Level II or III
Level III evidence
T = manipulation/intervention/treatment only
May not have R = random assignment to group/order of treatment and/or C = comparison or control group
quasi experimental design
Level II evidence
Also called randomized controlled trials
Independent & dependent variables are
cause & effect
experimental design
Essential Components of Experimental Designs
RCT
Randomly assign subjects to groups
Comparison or control group
T-manipulation or treatment
treatment (group) assignment unknown to patients
single blinded study
treatment (group) assignment unknown to patients and healthcare providers
double blinded study
what does diagramming the design do
Clarifies the level of the study
Identifies data collection process
Provides direction to data analysis
describe how the level of the study can be clarified
Randomization (if more than one group), Number of groups, Treatment (manipulation by the researcher) or not
how is the data collection process identified
time for study, when treatment is implemented, measurement of variables
(Pre-test and/or post-test measurement)
