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Intro to Nursing Research > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are steps 1-4 in the research process

A

1) identify the research question
2) conduct a review of the literature
3) identify a theoretical framework
4) select a research design

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2
Q

what are steps 5-8 in the research process

A

5) implement the study
6) analyze data
7) draw conclusions
8) disseminate findings

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3
Q

concise, interrogative statement written in the present tense and including one or more concepts

A

research question

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4
Q

how do you narrow the research question

A

clinical practice, problem of interest, research topic, generate question, research problem, research purpose, research question

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5
Q

Every primary research report has at least one

A

overarching research question

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6
Q

What is the relationship between theory, practice, and research question(s)?

A

Theory is born in practice, is refined in research, and must and can return to practice if research is to be other than a draining off of energy from the main business of nursing and theory is more than idle speculation

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7
Q

describe level 1 evidence

A

meta analysis
systematic reviews of RCT
integrative reviews
current practice guidelines

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8
Q

describe level 2 evidence

A

randomized controlled trials

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9
Q

describe level 3 evidence

A

controlled trials without randomization

quasi-experimental

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10
Q

describe level 4 evidence

A 
cohort studies (epidemiologic)
case controlled studies (epidemiologic)
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11
Q

describe level 5 evidence

A

systematic review of descriptive studies
systematic review of qualitative studies (meta analysis)
correlational studies

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12
Q

describe level 6 evidence

A 
single descriptive study
single QUALITATIVE study
case studies (epidemiologic)
case reports
concept analysis
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13
Q

describe level 7 evidence

A

EXPERT OPINION of authorities
reports of expert communities
manufacturer’s recommendations
traditional literature reviews

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14
Q

Concepts (building blocks of theory) are identified in

A

qualitative research (level VI evidence)

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15
Q

Hypotheses (theoretical ideas) are tested in

A

quantitative research at all levels (level II, III, IV, VI evidence)

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16
Q

Nursing theory to have impact for practice must be a theory at the most sophisticated level

A

a situation-producing theory

level II or III evidence

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17
Q

researchable questions for level 6

A

what is
what are
(factor isolation questions)

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18
Q

researchable questions for level 4

A

what is the relationship

factor related questions

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19
Q

researchable questions for level 2 or 3

A

what would happen if
why
(situation relating questions)

20
Q

Where is the research question found in an article

A

Research question(s) is/are either implied in the purpose statement or explicitly written in the article

21
Q

steps of evidence based process

A

1) identify research question
2) search literature for highest level of evidence available
3) conduct a critical appraisal of literature for quality and applicability
4) institute recommendations in practice
5) evaluation outcomes of change in practice

22
Q

what model is used in evidence based practice

A

PICOT

23
Q

what does PICOT stand for

A 
Patient population or pt condition of interest
Intervention of interest 
Comparison of interest 
Outcome of interest
Time
24
Q

qualities, properties, or characteristics of persons, things, or situations that are manipulated or measured in research

A

variables

25
Q

concept vs variable in relation to pain

A 
concept = pain (uncomfortable experience)
variable= intensity, type, location, and duration of pain
26
Q

definitions of concepts contained in a theory that sound like dictionary definitions

A

conceptual definition

27
Q

definitions that explicitly state how the variable will be measured

A

operational definition

28
Q

intervention or treatment that is manipulated by the researcher

A

independent variable

29
Q

outcome or variable that is influenced by the independent variable

A

dependent variable

30
Q

terminology associated with dependent

A

Outcome
Effect
Response
Y

31
Q

terminology associated with independent

A 
Intervention
Treatment
Manipulated or Stimulated
Experimental
Group(ing)
Predictors (factors)
X
32
Q

characteristics or attributes of subjects collected to describe the sample; found in a research report in a table or narrative format

A

demographic variable

33
Q

not of direct interest to the researcher but could affect or interfere with the major variables measured; often controlled in a study; exist in all studies

A

Extraneous or confounding variable

34
Q

what is used to control for extraneous variables

A

inclusion or exclusion criteria

35
Q

The assignment of numerical values to concepts to reflect properties of those concepts

A

measurement

36
Q

levels of measurement (lowest to highest)

A

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

37
Q

numbers (with no quantitative meaning) are
assigned simply as labels to classify attributes into mutually exclusive & collectively exhaustive categories when entering data

A

nominal

38
Q

what must be used for nominal level of measurement

A

nonparametric statistics

39
Q

numbers (with no meaning for distance between categories) used to designate an order or ranking of attributes

A

ordinal

40
Q

what must be used for ordinal level of measurement

A

Must use nonparametric statistics

41
Q

numbers assigned that indicate both the ordering

of an attribute & the equal magnitude of the distance between different amounts of the attribute

A

interval/ratio

42
Q

ratio measurements have

A

an absolute zero point (zero means absolutely none of the property)

43
Q

what may be used for interval/ration level of measurement

A

parametric statistics

44
Q

example of interval

A

room temperature in degrees

45
Q

example of ratio

A

pain level on a VAS scale

46
Q

example of ordinal

A

what extent are you satisfied with your care? scale from 1(extremely dissatisfied) to 5(extremely satisfied)

Intro to Nursing Research (7 decks)

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