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Intro to Nursing Research > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

a planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or discovery of solutions to problems or questions

A

nursing research

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2
Q

the body of knowledge that is unique to the discipline of nursing

A

nursing science

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3
Q

what does nursing science include

A

clinical nursing research

research in nursing

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4
Q

nursing research conducted by nurses either individually or in a team that addresses human responses to alterations or potential alterations in health

A

clinical nursing research

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5
Q

components of evidence based practice

A

Research
Clinical expertise
Patient preferences

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6
Q

what is nursing described as

A

both a science and an art

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7
Q

what types of processes do nurses use

A

scientific research (PhD) and EBP (DNP) processes

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8
Q

4 Major Historical Influences on Nursing Research

A

Educational preparation of nurses in universities
Development of professional journals
Theory & taxonomy development
(the language of science) NANDA, NIC, NOC
Funding for conducting research

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9
Q

what year was Nightingale Training school for Nurses” established in UK (now part of Kings College in London)

A

1860

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10
Q

First nursing schools in US

A

1872

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11
Q

Criteria set for undergraduate nursing research course in BSN programs

A

1976

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12
Q

year of Development of first Professional Journal

A

1900 – American Journal of Nursing

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13
Q

Nursing was defined in the ANA Social Policy Statement

A

1980

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14
Q

current and future emphasis of nursing

A

Promotion of excellence in nursing science by conducting clinically based outcome studies that provide the foundation for evidence-based practice

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15
Q 
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Advancing the Quality of Life: Symptom Management and Self-Management
End-of-Life and Palliative Care
Innovation
Developing Nurse Scientists
A

Strategic Plan 2011 (nursing research areas of focus)

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16
Q

this must be the predominant focus of research efforts

A

Direct nursing interventions

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17
Q

3 phases of nursing research

A

Service – 1900 to 1946
Academic – 1947 to 1959
Clinical – 1960 to present

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18
Q

describe the service phase

A 
Education = Hospital-based 
Uniformed services
Research  focus
Time & motion studies by engineers
Role & function studies by sociologists
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19
Q

describe the academic phase

A 
Education = University-based 
Research focus 
Curriculum
teaching methods
role & function of dean/faculty
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20
Q

describe the clinical phase

A 
Education = advanced practice nursing with graduate education  in nursing
Standards for clinical practice 
Nursing diagnosis (NANDA),  interventions (NIC), outcomes (NOC)
Qualitative research
Research focus
Clinical studies
Research utilization/EBP
Theory testing & development
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21
Q

what 4 things happened in the advancement of nursing as science

A

1-education (hospital training to universities)
2-journals (research)
3-doctorates in nursing
4-national institute of nursing research (funded research)

22
Q

a systematic process of investigating problems to gain knowledge about improving care that nurses provide

A

nursing research

23
Q

sources of evidence

A 
Tradition
Expert authority
Trial and error
Personal experiences
Intuition
Borrowed evidence
Scientific research
24
Q

steps of the research process

A 
1- identify the research question
2- conduct a review of the literature
3- identify a theoretic framework
4-select a research study
5-implement the study
6-analyze the data
7-draw conclusions
8- disseminate findings
25
Q

an approach to decision-making in which the clinician

(physician, nurse, etc) uses

A

evidence based practice

26
Q

3 components of evidence based practice

A
  1. current best evidence or research-based information
    available (external evidence)
  2. clinical expertise & outcomes management or quality improvement projects (internal evidence)
  3. consultation with the patient/family/community
27
Q

nurses use what to review research publications & other information sources

A

critical thinking skills

28
Q

after sources are critically evaluated…

A

nurses use their clinical decision-making skills to apply evidence to patient care

29
Q

Use search skills to locate up-to-date information from relevant, valid _____________ about the effects of different forms of nursing care

A

systematic reviews of research

30
Q

what is the strongest evidence

A

secondary sources

31
Q

what are examples of secondary sources

A

Summary review

Clinical practice guidelines

32
Q

original information presented by the person or people responsible for creating it

A

primary source

33
Q

commentary, summary, review or interpretations of primary sources often written by those not involved in the original work

A

secondary source

34
Q

a summary of evidence on a particular topic, typically by an expert or expert panel that used a rigorous process for identifying, appraising, and synthesizing multiple studies

A

systematic review

35
Q

describe Quantitative (level I)

A

Systematic review with meta-analysis or Cochrane review
Integrative review
Narrative review
Clinical practice guidelines

36
Q

describe Qualitative (level V)

A

Metasummary

Meta- synthesis

37
Q

5 step approach for evidence based practice

A

ask, acquire, appraise, apply, assess

38
Q

hierarchy of evidence I-III

A

I: systematic review or meta-analysis of all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews of RCTs
II: At least one well designed RCT
III: Well designed controlled trials without randomization

39
Q

hierarchy of evidence IV-VI

A

IV: well-designed case-control and cohort studies
V: systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
VI: a single descriptive or qualitative study

40
Q

hierarchy of evidence level VII

A

the opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees

41
Q

what level has the highest strength of evidence

A

level 1

42
Q

what determines the strength of evidence

A

Level of evidence + quality of the evidence

43
Q

Evidence-Based Practice equals what

A

high quality healthcare

44
Q

types of qualitative research

A 
Historical
Hermeneutic inquiry
Descriptive analysis
Ethnoscience
Philosophical inquiry
Narrative inquiry
Content analysis
45
Q

describe quantative

A

Logical Positivism
belief in obtaining objective data through measurement instruments
“truth” is absolute; there is a single reality that one can define by careful measurement

46
Q

describe qualatative

A

Naturalistic Interpretivism
obtaining subjective data by understanding meaning under natural conditions
“truth” is dynamic; there may be many realities by studying persons as they interact & in their socio-historical settings; Because perception varies with the individual, including researchers, many meanings are possible

47
Q

literature differences between qualitative and quantatitive

A

Quantitative: literature review
Qualitative: no literature

48
Q

theory differences between Quantitative and qualitative

A

Quantitative: theoretical framework or theory
Qualitative: no framework or theory

49
Q

human sample differences between Quantitative and qualitative

A

Quantitative: subjects
Qualitative: participants or informants

50
Q

sample selection differences between quantitative and qualitative

A

Quantitative: random
Qualitative: non random

Intro to Nursing Research (7 decks)

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