Exam 1 pt 2 Flashcards
sample size differences between quantitative and qualtitative
quantitative: large
qualitative: small
data collection differences between quantitative and qualitative
quantitaive: instruments
qualitative: researcher is the instrument
type of data between quantitative and qualitative
quantitative: numbers
qualitative: words
Use of quantitative and qualitative methods together
in the same study to collect data
Methodological Triangulation
purpose of methodological triangulation should be what
confirmation (use information from one source to corroborate another)
research is used to test a theory - the effect of a nursing intervention (NIC) (manipulated by the researcher) on outcome(s) (NOC)
Most directly applicable to practice
Quantitative Research (3-4) At highest levels (II or III) in the hierarchy of evidence
what does level 4 (quantitative) examine
CARP
correlations, associations, relationships, predicts
Also called Cohort or Correlational
Level VI qualitative evidence
Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography-
describe experiences as they are lived without a prior framework or theory to find the essence or meaning
Phenomenology
develop a theory around a core variable (basic socio-psychological problem or process – BSP); BSPs are labeled using a gerund (“…ing”)
Grounded Theory
describe a phenomena from the perspective of participants within the cultural context in which it occurs
Ethnography-
components of a research article
Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion/Conclusion List of References
describe the abstract
First section of a research article
Usually limited to 100-150 words
Should contain the purpose, methods, results
May contain background & conclusion
describe the introduction
Statement of the clinical problem
Review of literature - an unbiased, comprehensive, synthesized description of relevant, previously published studies (extensive in a quantitative study); this can be considered the solution(s) to the clinical problem
Theory or Theoretical framework (quantitative research only)
Gap or inconsistency leading to the significance of the study
Purpose
describe the methods section
Design Sample Setting Data collection *Instrument(s) is(are) named in quantitative studies Procedure Protection of human subjects Data analysis
describe the results
Descriptive statistics to summarize sample in either qualitative/quantitative or qualitative may not contain any statistics
*Inferential statistics (p values) in quantitative
Themes or categories and quotes in qualitative
Tables & figures
Words in quotes or indented paragraphs in qualitative
describe the conclusion/discussion
Study findings are compared or contrasted with previous research
Study findings are related to the theory/framework in quantitative
Limitations of the study (self-critique)
Implications for practice
Suggestions for future research
formal statement describing the problem (from nursing practice) addressed in the study
research problem statement
A clinical problem of interest is sometimes called the
research topic
what is the specific problem influenced by
Funding agency priorities Practical experience Interaction with peers/colleagues Review of literature for conflict or gap Untested theory Social issues or healthcare trends
Why are things done this way?
What other info do I need to help solve this problem?
What would happen if. . .
experience related questions
How do others deal with this issue?
What is already known about the problem?
literature related questions
Where do you find the clinical problem in a research article?
Typically in the first sentence(s) or paragraph of the article
It is a very general topic
justification of need
Knowledge Gap Conflicting findings Omission of a group of subjects Testing an existing theory Expert opinion
key wording for significance statements
Little is known about…
Findings of previous studies are conflicting.
Few studies of ____ have been conducted.
the lens through which nurses
view clients”
theory
terms related to theory
Concept
Theory; Theoretical/Conceptual Framework/Model
Conceptual Map
symbolic representation of an abstract idea
single abstract ideas, often expressed in a single word, that represent two or more interrelated ideas
words or phrases that convey a unique idea that is relevant to a theory
concept
how to identify concepts in research
Based on relevance to phenomenon of interest
Should have a concept for every major variable in the study
*Examine problem and purpose statements for concepts
process of describing and naming a previously unrecognized concept
concept synthesis
process of extracting & defining concepts from theories in other disciplines
concept derivation
a strategy through which a set of attributes or characteristics essential to the connotative meaning or conceptual definition of a concept are identified
concept analysis
Sources of Conceptual Definitions
Existing theoretical works Published concept analyses Previous studies using the concept Publications describing instrument development General literature Performing a concept analysis
Examples of Concept Analysesin the Literature
Uncertainty in illness Chronic pain Breast cancer survivorship Collusion in child protection Infant feeding responsiveness Self-management of type 1 diabetes Mutual timing
in qualitative research
Concepts (words) are discovered or generated
theory generating research (Inductive
No theory or framework as the study begins)
in quantitative research
Concepts are tested (hypotheses) or measured (variables/numbers)
theory-testing research (Deductive- Should use preexisting theory or framework as a basis
or the study)
a set of concepts linked through propositions to explain a phenomenon
set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon
theory
examples of nursing theories
Mutual Caregiving
Interactive Family Learning
Family Resiliency
Cultural Competence
– a brief explanation of a theory or portions of a theory to be tested in a study
framework
an explanation based on the literature (& the literature does not contain a particular theory that explains the relationship among variables); how the variables in the study are expected to relate to each other & why
conceptual framework
an explanation based on the literature when variables have been studied before and have been found to be related to one another
theoretical framework
a pictorial representation of concepts & their relationships
strategy for expressing a framework of a study that diagrammatically shows the interrelationships of the concepts
Typically found in an article in a figure
conceptual map or model
problems with frameworks
Inappropriate framework
Disconnected framework
Multiple frameworks
Unidentified or no framework
what Level of Evidence & Type of Research Question
search literature broadly; little to no literature on the topic; explain concept(s)
Level VI
what Level of Evidence & Type of Research Question
find concepts from level V reviews or level VI studies; develop conceptual framework to guide correlation of two or more variables
level IV
what Level of Evidence & Type of Research Question
narrow literature search; test a theory; trace linkages between each aspect of the theory
level II and III
template for intervention question
In__________(P), how does__________(I)
compared to _________(C)__________affect
__________(O) within __________(T)?
library databases
MEDLINE CINAHL Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database PsychINFO
which is bigger MedLine or PubMed
PubMed
level 1 evidence
Systematic/Integrative Review or Meta-analysis
EBP Guidelines
boolean operators
and, or, not
and
narrow your search: all of your search terms will present in the retrieved records.
or
broaden your search by connecting two or more synonyms.
not
exclude term(s) from your search results.
