Exam 2 Practice questions Flashcards
Which teaching is a higher priority for the client who is taking the sulfonamide TMP-SMX (Bactrim)?
- Encourage an increase in fluid intake.
- Report signs of ototoxicity (i.e., tinnitus, deafness).
- Individuals taking this drug are not affected by sun exposure.
- Take with dairy products or antacids to protect stomach.
Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid intake should be increased to at least 2000 mL/d when taking sulfonamides to prevent crystalluria. Ototoxicity is not a common adverse effect of sulfonamides. Photosensitivity is a side effect. Dairy products or antacids should not be taken at the same time as sulfonamides because they decrease absorption.
Which nursing intervention is a higher priority for the client who is taking a cephalosporin?
- Wait until culture results are received before initiating antibiotic.
- Monitor the client for signs and symptoms of a superinfection.
- Administer IV cephalosporins over 2 hours to prevent phlebitis.
- Instruct the client to take the drug for 5 days only.
Answer: B
Rationale: Superinfection is a common adverse effect of antibiotics. The nurse should culture the infected area before initiating antibiotics and may begin drug therapy before culture results are received. IV cephalosporins should be administered over 30 to 45 minutes, not 2 hours. Cephalosporins are usually given 10 days for a full regimen.
Which teaching is a priority for the client who is taking fluconazole (Diflucan)?
- Take concurrent vitamin B6 to prevent peripheral
neuropathy. - Take 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
- Advise that hypoglycemia may occur with concurrent
oral sulfonylureas (hypoglycemics). - Warn that gingival hyperplasia may occur with
prolonged use.
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypoglycemia may occur in clients who are concurrently taking fluconazole and a sulfonylurea. Vitamin B6 may prevent peripheral neuropathy for individuals taking isoniazid. Isoniazid should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Gingival hyperplasia may occur as an adverse effect of acyclovir.
Which is the most appropriate nursing implication for a client who is taking Antimalarial drugs?
1) Collect a stool specimen.
2) Assess the client’s hearing.
3) Advise the client to take showers, not baths.
4) Encourage females to have a Pap test every 6 months.
Answer: B
Rationale: Hearing should be assessed because antimalarials may lead to 8th cranial nerve damage and ototoxicity. Monitoring stool and taking showers are not necessary with antimalarials but appropriate for anthelmintics. Pap tests are not related to antimalarials but necessary for females with genital herpes.
