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Schoolcraft Nursing 104 Pharmacology > Exam 1 Drug Facts > Flashcards

Exam 1 Drug Facts Flashcards

The nursing process info, nursing considerations, etc.

1
Q

Tamazepam, Lorazepam, Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepenes -

Anxiolytic, tranquilizer​

Highly protein bound​

Benzodiazepine antidote flumazenil​

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2
Q

Name 3 Benzodiazepenes -Pam

A

Tamazepam, lorazepam, diazepam

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3
Q

Tamazepam is generic for

A

Restoril

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4
Q

Lorazepam is generic for

A

Atavan

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5
Q

Diazepam is generic for

A

Valium

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6
Q

What are benzodiazapenes used for?

A

Use- treat insomnia​

​

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7
Q

Aspirin is an example of

A

Salicylates

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8
Q

What are the functions of salicylates?

A

anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, antipyretic, analgesic​

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9
Q

Other sedatives that aren’t benzos are:

A

Hypnotics and melatonin agonists

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10
Q

An example of a nonbenzo hypnotic is:
a melatonin agonist is:

A

Zolpidem (Ambien)​
Ramelteon (Rozerem)​

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11
Q

Nursing Assessment for sedatives

A

baseline vitals, labs (renal and liver), sleeping problems, drug history (highly protein bound- benzo)​

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12
Q

Nursing Diagnosis for sedatives

A

disturbed sleep pattern

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13
Q

Nursing Planning for sedatives

A
  • Client will remain asleep for 6-8 hours (benzo)​
  • Client will receive adequate sleep w/o hangover effect when taking hypnotic (barb)​
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14
Q

Nursing interventions for sedatives

A

Avoid other CNS depressants, herbs, alcohol​

  • Prevent injury​
  • Report side effects​
  • Nonpharmacological methods​
  • Avoid driving​
  • Assess effectiveness​
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15
Q

Nursing evaluation for sedatives

A

​

  • Effectiveness​
  • Side effects (hangover, barb)​
  • Resp depression
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16
Q

Describe balanced anesthesia

A

Combination of drugs for general anesthesia​

Hypnotic night before​

Premed w/ narcotic analgesic (versed) and anticholinergic (atropine)-relaxes & decreases secretions​

Short acting barbiturate (pentothal)​

Inhaled gas administered (nitrous oxide)​

A muscle relaxant prn

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17
Q

What are the stages of anesthesia?

A

There are four:
Analgesia- induction stage​

Excitement or delirium​

Surgical- surgical procedure is performed during this stage​

Medullary paralysis- toxic stage, ventilatory assistance required

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18
Q

What are the types of anesthesia?

A

Inhalation anesthesia- 3rd stage of balanced​

IV anesthesia- Induction of balanced or as general​

Topical- decrease sensitive nerve endings of affected area​

Local- block pain at the site where injected​

Spinal- local anesthetic injected into subarachnoid space. Remain flat after surgery, Monitor BP

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19
Q

Describe the nursing process for anesthesia?

A

Assessment- VS, Drug hx., health hx.​

Diagnosis- Pain​

Plan- VS will remain stable, understand care​

Interventions- monitor VS, U/O, side effects, post op recovery. Teach.​

Evaluation

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20
Q

An example of a salicylate is

A

Acetylsalicylic Acid - Aspirin

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21
Q

What are the interactions of salicylates?

A

anticoagulants, hypoglycemics (increase risk of hypoglycemia)​

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21
Q

What are the adverse reactions and cautions of salicylates?

A

tinnitus, vertigo, bronchospasm*,urticaria, ulceration, thrombocytopenia, bleeding * = ASA toxicity​

Caution: Avoid during third trimester, do not give to children with flu/viral symptoms (Reye’s syndrome)​

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21
Q

What are the labs to monitor with salicylates?

A

PT, bleeding time, platelets

22
Q

What are the contraindications for Benzodiazepines?

A

Contraindications- pregnancy, lactation, renal, liver, mental disorders​

​

23
What has interactions with benzodiazepines?
Interactions- avoid alcohol, other CNS depressants, increases liver enzymes​
24
What are side effects of benzodiazepines?
drowsiness, lethargy, hangover, dizziness, anxiety, confusion, N/V/D​
25
What are adverse effects of benzodiazepines?
tolerance, dependence, depression, hypotension, coma w/ od​
26
What are 3 catagories of anti-inflammatories?
NSAIDS - inhibit COX 1&2 Corticosteroids Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)​
27
What are nursing interventions for acetylsalicylic acid?
There are 7 Take with food/milk​ Monitor for bleeding (dark tarry stools, bleeding gums, petechiae, ecchymosis, purpura)​ Do not crush or break enteric coated ASA​ Avoid taking 2 days before & during menses, ​ Avoid before surgery​ Avoid Alcohol​ Avoid giving to children with flu-like symptoms (risk of Reye’s Syndrome)​
28
Name two NSAIDS
Ibuprofen (Advil) Ketorolac (Toradol)
29
Ibuprofen and Ketorolac are both examples of:
NSAIDS
30
What are the functions of NSAIDS?
Function: Antiinflam., Analgesic, Antipyretic; Given for Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritis​
31
What are the interactions of NSAIDS?
Interactions: Increase effects of Warfarin (Coumadin), sulfonamides, certain cephalosporins, phenytoin, insulin, oral hypoglycemics, some herbs ​
32
What are the adverse effects of NSAIDS?
Adverse Effects: gastric upset, GI bleed, N, V, edema, (bleeding gums, petechiae, ecchymosis, black, tarry stools)​
33
What are nursing interventions for NSAIDS?
Educate:​ Side effects​ Avoid taking ASA with NSAIDS​ Avoid use 2 days before and and first 2 days of menses​ Avoid during 3rd trimester​ Avoid before surgery​ Avoid alcohol​ Administer with food​ Interactions with following herbs:​ Dong quai, garlic, feverfew, ginko
34
What do COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitors affect?
COX-1​Inhibition leads to decreased stomach lining protection and decreased clotting time.​ COX-2​ Inhibition leads to decreased inflammation & pain​ Introduction of selective COX-2 inhibitiors have decreased GI problems (and bleeding) associated with NSAIDS
35
What are two examples of selective COX-2 inhibitors?
Celecoxib (Celebrex) & Meloxicam (Mobic)​
36
What are the adverse effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors? What labs are important?
Less incidence of GI problems & bleeding but higher risk of problems associated with clots​ AE: edema​ Labs: renal​
37
Name three Corticosteroids ~one
Prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone​
38
What is the T1/2 of corticosteroids?
T1/2 > 24h
39
What are corticosteroids used for?
Frequently used as anti-inflammatory​ May be used for arthritic flare-ups​
40
What are steroid considerations?
Do not stop abruptly; important to be tapered; gradually weaned off​ May elevate blood sugars (hyperglycemia)​ Causes immunosuppression​ Lab Interactions: Elevated blood glucose, elevated WBC’s
41
Name 3 DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS (DMARDS)
Imuran, Cytoxan, methotrexate
42
What are DMARDS used for?
As anti-inflammatory for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) primarily used to suppress cancer growth and proliferation, but might also be used to suppress the inflammatory process of RA​
43
What are 3 types of DMARDS (not drug names -types)
Immunosuppressive, Immunomodulators, Antimalarials​
44
Discuss Immunosupressive DMARDS
Disrupt the inflammatory process and delay disease progression​ Predispose patient to severe infection​ TNF (Tumor necrosis factor )Blockers​ Bind to TNF and block it from attaching to TNF receptors on synovial cell surfaces​ Etanercept (Enbrel), influximab (Remicade), (Humira)​ Interleukin (IL-1) receptor antagonists​ IL-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to synovial inflammation and joint destruction​ Anakinra (Kineret)
45
Name 4 Immunosuppresive DMARDs
Etanercept (Enbrel), influximab (Remicade), Adalimumab (Humira)​ Anakinra (Kineret)
46
Things to know about antimalarial DMARDS
Action: anti-inflammatory, analgesic for RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis)​ Response: May take up to 4-12 weeks​ May be used in combination with NSAIDS
47
What is gout?
uric acid metabolism disorder and defect in purine metabolism that leads to hyperuricemia​
48
Name an anti-inflamatory gout drug:
Colchicine
49
Considerations for Colchicine
Action: Inhibits migration of leukocytes​ Side effects: N, V, D (75% taking high doses)​ Contraindications: Severe renal, GI problems​ Nursing Implications: ​ Avoid foods rich in purines (wine, alcohol, organ meats, sardines, salmon, gravy)​ Increase fluid intake​ Take acetaminophen for pain; Not ASA​
50
How do you prevent REM rebound when using Benzodiazepines?
Do no tuse for longer than 3-4 weeks.
51
Benzodiazepines are Schedules IV Narcotics- True or False
True
52
3 chemical mediators of inflammation:
Prostaglandins​ COX: enzyme that promotes synthesis of prostaglandins​ COX 2 – triggers inflammation & pain
53
Three complications of hyperuricemia
pain, urinary calculi, gouty nephropathy
54
What are the five stages of the inflammatory response?
55

Schoolcraft Nursing 104 Pharmacology (12 decks)

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