Exam 2 - Oral Agents (DM)

Question 1

Metformin
1st choice, cheap
Caution with IV contrast! can cause lactic acidosis
Decreases glucose production in the liver
SE: diarrhea, *no weight gain
Used w/ prediabetes
No risk of hypoglycemia!

Answer 1

Biguanide

Question 2

glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride
Increase insulin from pancreas
SE: hypoglycemia, wt. gain
Avoid alcohol!!

Answer 2

Sulfonylureas

Question 3

Increase insulin from pancrease
SE: wt. gain, hypoglycemia
Do not take if meal skipped

Answer 3

Meglitinides

Question 4

“starch blockers” - slow absorption of carbs in small intestine

Answer 4

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

Question 5

“insulin sensitizer” - improve insulin sensitivity, transport, & utilization in tissues

Answer 5

thiazolidinediones

Question 6

Exenatide (Byetta)
Injectable (subQ)
Increase insulin from beta cells

Answer 6

Inretin mimetics

Question 7

Pramlintide (Symlin)

Take with insulin (SQ admin - injectable)

Answer 7

Amylin Analogs