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Professional Practice II > Chp. 59 - Chronic Neurologic Problems > Flashcards

Chp. 59 - Chronic Neurologic Problems Flashcards

1
Q

Tension-type headache

A

characterized by its bilateral location and pressing/tightening quality. They are usually of mild or moderate intensity and not aggravated by physical activity

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2
Q

Migraine headache

A

recurring headache characterized by unilateral or bilateral throbbing pain, a triggering event or factor, strong family history, and manifestations associated with neurologic and autonomic nervous system dysfunction

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3
Q

Migraines may be preceded by…

A

prodrome - something happens before a migraine (about 24 hrs) that warns a person that it is coming aura - immediately precedes migraine (not common)

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4
Q

What medication to take at onset of migraine (abortive)

A

Triptan (sumatriptan) Abortive medication Shrinks blood vessels that are causing pain

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5
Q

Example of prophylactic medication for migraine

A

Topamax

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6
Q

Cluster headache

A

rare form of headache with a sharp stabbing pain. They involve repeated headaches that can occur for weeks to months at a time, followed by periods of remission

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7
Q

Tension headache Site Quality Frequency Duration Associated Symptoms

A

Site: bilateral, bandlike pressure at base of skull Quality: constant, squeezing tightness Frequency: cycles for many years Duration: 30 min - 7 days Associated symptoms: stiff neck/shoulders, tenderness

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8
Q

Migraine headache Site Quality Frequency Duration Time/mode of onset Associated symptoms

A

Site: unilateral (60%), commonly anterior Quality: throbbing, synchronous with pulse Frequency: periodic; cycles of several mos to yrs Duration: 4-72 hours Time/mode of onset: may be prodrome; onset after wake; improves w/ sleep Associated symptoms: N/V irritability, sweating, photo/phonophobia, family Hx

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9
Q

Cluster headache Site Quality Frequency Duration Time/mode of onset Assoicated symptoms

A

Site: unilateral, radiating from 1 eye Quality: severe, bone-crushing Frequency: may have mos or yrs between attacks Duration: 5 min - 3 hrs Time/mode of onset: nocturnal; commonly awakens pt from sleep Associated symptoms: facial flushing or pallor, unilateral lacrimation, ptosis, rhinitis

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10
Q

Seizure

A

A paroxyxmal, uncoltrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain that interrupts normal function

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11
Q

4 phases of seizure

A
  1. Prodromal - signs/activity that precede sz 2. Aural - sensory warning of impending sz 3. Ictal - full sz 4. Postical - period of recovery after sz
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12
Q

Generalized seizure

A

involve both sides of the brain and are characterized by bilateral synchronous epileptic discharges in the brain from the onset of the seizure (no warning or aura)

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13
Q

Tonic-clonic seizure

A

sz characterized by loss of consciousness and falling followed by stiffening of the body (tonic) and subsequent jerking of the extremities (clonic) Generalized

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14
Q

Absence (petit mal) seizure

A

sz w/ brief starting spell lasting only a few seconds (many go unnoticed); rarely continues beyond adolescence Generalized

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15
Q

Myoclonic seizure

A

sz characterized by a sudden, excessive jerk of the body or extremities Generalized

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16
Q

atonic seizure

A

sz characterized by loss of muscle tone and begins suddenly with the person falling to the ground Generalized

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17
Q

Tonic seizure

A

sz involves a sudden onset of maintained increased tone in extensor muscles (increased tone in muscles) Generalized

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18
Q

Clonic seizure

A

sz begins with loss of consciousness and sudden loss of muscle tone, followed by limb jerking Generalized

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19
Q

Simple partial seizure

A

sz do not involve loss of consciousness and rarely last longer than 1 minute

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20
Q

Complex partial seizure

A

sz usually last longer than 1 minute, frequently followed by a period of postictal confusion (amnesia of event), involve alteration in consciousness

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21
Q

Status epilepticus

A

a state of continuous seizure activity or a condition in which seizures recur in rapid succession without return to consciousness between seizures

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22
Q

Primary drugs to treat generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures

A

phenytoin (Dilantin) ***** carbamazepine (Tegretol) phenobarbital divalproex (Depakote)

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23
Q

Drugs used to treat absence and myoclonic sz

A

divalproex (Depakote) clonazepam (Klonopin)

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24
Q

Drug to treat status epilepticus

A

diazepam (Valium)

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25
Q

SE for antiseizure drugs

A

involve the CNS and include diplopia, drowsiness, ataxia, and mental slowing

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26
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A

a chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder of the CNS characterized by disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord

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27
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slowness in the initiation and execution of movement (bradykinesia), increased muscle tone (rigidity), tremor at rest, and gait disturbance

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28
Q

Parkinson’s Triad

A

1) bradykinesia - slowness in the initiation of movement 2) rigidity - increased muscle tone 3) tremor at rest

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29
Q

Priority Pt teaching for Parkinsons *

A

Avoid taking other drugs without HCP approval Take meds ON TIME!

30
Q

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

A

an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction characterized by the fluctuating weakness of certain muscle groups

31
Q

Myasthenic crisis

A

an acute exacerbation of muscle weakness triggered by infection, surgery, emotional distress, drug overdose, or inadequate drugs

32
Q

1 NDx for pt with Myashtenia Gravis

A

Activity intolerance ( get more tired as the day goes on)

33
Q

Restless legs syndrome (RLS)

A

a relatively common condition characterized by unpleasant sensory (paresthesias) and motor abnormalities of one or both legs

34
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A

a rare progressive neurologic disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons

35
Q

What happens with ALS? (progress of disease)

A

motor neurons in the brainstem gradually degenerate -> electrical and chemical messages from the brain do not reach muscles; ‘cognitively intact, trapped inside a dying body’

36
Q

True or False: A person with Huntington’s Disease is hyperactive.

A

True

37
Q

reverse

characterized by its bilateral location and pressing/tightening quality. They are usually of mild or moderate intensity and not aggravated by physical activity

A

Tension-type headache

38
Q

reverse

recurring headache characterized by unilateral or bilateral throbbing pain, a triggering event or factor, strong family history, and manifestations associated with neurologic and autonomic nervous system dysfunction

A

Migraine headache

39
Q

reverse

prodrome - something happens before a migraine (about 24 hrs) that warns a person that it is coming aura - immediately precedes migraine (not common)

A

Migraines may be preceded by…

40
Q

reverse

Triptan (sumatriptan) Abortive medication Shrinks blood vessels that are causing pain

A

What medication to take at onset of migraine (abortive)

41
Q

reverse

Topamax

A

Example of prophylactic medication for migraine

42
Q

reverse

rare form of headache with a sharp stabbing pain. They involve repeated headaches that can occur for weeks to months at a time, followed by periods of remission

A

Cluster headache

43
Q

reverse

Site: bilateral, bandlike pressure at base of skull Quality: constant, squeezing tightness Frequency: cycles for many years Duration: 30 min - 7 days Associated symptoms: stiff neck/shoulders, tenderness

A

Tension headache Site Quality Frequency Duration Associated Symptoms

44
Q

reverse

Site: unilateral (60%), commonly anterior Quality: throbbing, synchronous with pulse Frequency: periodic; cycles of several mos to yrs Duration: 4-72 hours Time/mode of onset: may be prodrome; onset after wake; improves w/ sleep Associated symptoms: N/V irritability, sweating, photo/phonophobia, family Hx

A

Migraine headache Site Quality Frequency Duration Time/mode of onset Associated symptoms

45
Q

reverse

Site: unilateral, radiating from 1 eye Quality: severe, bone-crushing Frequency: may have mos or yrs between attacks Duration: 5 min - 3 hrs Time/mode of onset: nocturnal; commonly awakens pt from sleep Associated symptoms: facial flushing or pallor, unilateral lacrimation, ptosis, rhinitis

A

Cluster headache Site Quality Frequency Duration Time/mode of onset Assoicated symptoms

46
Q

reverse

A paroxyxmal, uncoltrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain that interrupts normal function

A

Seizure

47
Q

reverse

  1. Prodromal - signs/activity that precede sz 2. Aural - sensory warning of impending sz 3. Ictal - full sz 4. Postical - period of recovery after sz
A

4 phases of seizure

48
Q

reverse

involve both sides of the brain and are characterized by bilateral synchronous epileptic discharges in the brain from the onset of the seizure (no warning or aura)

A

Generalized seizure

49
Q

reverse

sz characterized by loss of consciousness and falling followed by stiffening of the body (tonic) and subsequent jerking of the extremities (clonic) Generalized

A

Tonic-clonic seizure

50
Q

reverse

sz w/ brief starting spell lasting only a few seconds (many go unnoticed); rarely continues beyond adolescence Generalized

A

Absence (petit mal) seizure

51
Q

reverse

sz characterized by a sudden, excessive jerk of the body or extremities Generalized

A

Myoclonic seizure

52
Q

reverse

sz characterized by loss of muscle tone and begins suddenly with the person falling to the ground Generalized

A

atonic seizure

53
Q

reverse

sz involves a sudden onset of maintained increased tone in extensor muscles (increased tone in muscles) Generalized

A

Tonic seizure

54
Q

reverse

sz begins with loss of consciousness and sudden loss of muscle tone, followed by limb jerking Generalized

A

Clonic seizure

55
Q

reverse

sz do not involve loss of consciousness and rarely last longer than 1 minute

A

Simple partial seizure

56
Q

reverse

sz usually last longer than 1 minute, frequently followed by a period of postictal confusion (amnesia of event), involve alteration in consciousness

A

Complex partial seizure

57
Q

reverse

a state of continuous seizure activity or a condition in which seizures recur in rapid succession without return to consciousness between seizures

A

Status epilepticus

58
Q

reverse

phenytoin (Dilantin) ***** carbamazepine (Tegretol) phenobarbital divalproex (Depakote)

A

Primary drugs to treat generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures

59
Q

reverse

divalproex (Depakote) clonazepam (Klonopin)

A

Drugs used to treat absence and myoclonic sz

60
Q

reverse

diazepam (Valium)

A

Drug to treat status epilepticus

61
Q

reverse

involve the CNS and include diplopia, drowsiness, ataxia, and mental slowing

A

SE for antiseizure drugs

62
Q

reverse

a chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder of the CNS characterized by disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

63
Q

reverse

a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slowness in the initiation and execution of movement (bradykinesia), increased muscle tone (rigidity), tremor at rest, and gait disturbance

A

Parkinson’s Disease

64
Q

reverse

1) bradykinesia - slowness in the initiation of movement 2) rigidity - increased muscle tone 3) tremor at rest

A

Parkinson’s Triad

65
Q

reverse

Avoid taking other drugs without HCP approval Take meds ON TIME!

A

Priority Pt teaching for Parkinsons *

66
Q

reverse

an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction characterized by the fluctuating weakness of certain muscle groups

A

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

67
Q

reverse

an acute exacerbation of muscle weakness triggered by infection, surgery, emotional distress, drug overdose, or inadequate drugs

A

Myasthenic crisis

68
Q

reverse

Activity intolerance ( get more tired as the day goes on)

A

1 NDx for pt with Myashtenia Gravis

69
Q

reverse

a relatively common condition characterized by unpleasant sensory (paresthesias) and motor abnormalities of one or both legs

A

Restless legs syndrome (RLS)

70
Q

reverse

a rare progressive neurologic disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

71
Q

reverse

motor neurons in the brainstem gradually degenerate -> electrical and chemical messages from the brain do not reach muscles; ‘cognitively intact, trapped inside a dying body’

A

What happens with ALS? (progress of disease)

72
Q

reverse

True

A

True or False: A person with Huntington’s Disease is hyperactive.

Professional Practice II (7 decks)

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