Exam 2 Occlusal Trauma Flashcards
Trauma from occlusion is considered to be __________
Forces of occlusion that _________ the adaptive capacity of the periodontium
- Pathologic
- exceeded
What are the variables in relationship to occlusal trauma ?
1) Direction of force
2) Magnitude of force
3) Duration of force
4) Frequency of occurrence
What are the parts of the periodontium affected by occlusal forces?
1) Cementum
2) PDL
3) Alveolar bone proper
Which parts of the periodontium are NOT affected by occlusal forces?
1) Gingiva
2) Junctional epithelium
What are the clinical symptoms of occlusal trauma ?
1) Mobility of affected teeth
2) Radiographic evidence of thickened PDL
3) Positive Hx of clenching or bruxism
4) Missing or tilted teeth
5) Evidence of working or balancing side occlusal interferences
6) Evidence of occlusal slide in centric relation or centric occlusion ( CR/CO)
7) Evidence of occlusal interference in protrusive mandibular movement
What is Fremitus?
- A tremulous vibratory movement of a tooth when teeth come into functional contact
- Generally detected by finger palpation
What is the Monkey Experimental Model?
Trauma from occlusion in the presence of chronic periodontitis
Trauma from occlusion involves:
compression of the ________ with intial _______ in width of PDL space.
Loss of fiber _______________.
Rupture of ___________ and ___________into PDL perivascular spaces.
___________of alveolar bone proper followed by _______ of PDL space.
If severe, root ___________ may occur.
- PDL fibers
- DECREASE
- orientation
- capillaries
- hemorrhage
- resorption
- widening
- resorption
Trauma from occlusion involving the tension side:
Tension (stretching) of fibers with initial ___________ in PDL space.
Rupture of ______ fiber bundles.
Compression of PDL ______ and ________ into PDL perivascular space
__________ of new alveolar bone proper followed by _______ in PDL space.
Cemental ________
- INCREASE
- PDL
- Capillaries
- hemorrhage
- Apposition
- DECREASE
- tearing
Primary occlusal trauma occurs when …?
Occlusal forces are EXCESSIVE (INCREASED) and the amount of alveolar bone support is NORMAL.
________occlusal trauma from non-vertical forces occurs on pressure points on bone and PDL with forces _________ in ________ axis of the tooth during __________ movements
- Primary
- NOT
- Long
- Excursive
Secondary occlusal trauma occurs when occlusal forces are _________ or __________ and the amount of alveolar bone support is __________
- Normal
- Excessive
- Reduced
In occlusal hyperfunction:
- _________ increase in occlusal force.
- Considered to be a ____________ adaptation and not a __________ entity.
- Slight
- physiologic
- pathologic
What are the histological and clinical characteristics of occlusal hyperfunction?
1) INCREASE in # and diameter of collagen fibers in PDL
2) INCREASED width of PDL
3) INCREASED density & thickness of alveolar bone proper (lamina dura)
4) Radiographic evidence of osteosclerosis of alveolar bone w/ PDL insertions
5) Slight or undetectable tooth mobility
Occlusal hypofunction:
A mild weakening of tooth _______due to lack of _________ Stimulation.
Considered to be a __________ adaptation and not a __________ entity.
Can be diagnosed by _____________.
__________in # of PDL fibers but __________ orientation.
_________ physiologic _________ and _______ of alveolar bone.
_____________ of PDL space.
______change in tooth mobility
- supporting structures
- physiologic
- physiologic
- pathologic
- histology
- Decrease
- normal
- Decreased
- turnover
- remodeling
- Narrowing
- No change
Trauma from occlusion is defined as ?
Damage to the periodontium caused by stresses on the teeth produced directly or indirectly by teeth in the opposing jaw
What is disuse atrophy?
Total removal of occlusal forces resulting in lack of the level of physiologic stimulation required to maintain normal form and function.
Disuse atrophy is considered to be a ___________ adaptation rather than a ____________ feature of disease
- Physiologic
- Pathologic
Histologic & clinical characteristics of disuse atrophy:
Radiographic evidence of ________ width of PDL space.
__________ tooth mobility is always present.
_____________ of occlusal antagonist.
_____________ of orientation of the principle fiber bundles of the PDL.
Significant ________ in the # of bony treacle, i.e., localized osteoporosis.
- Decreased
- Increased
- Absence
- Loss
- Decrease
Trauma from occlusion, in the absence of inflammation, DOES not cause ____________, _____________ and _______________
- Gingivitis
- Periodontitis
- Pocket formation
Note: these are caused by bacteria
Occlusal trauma and periodontal disease (Laboratory Animal Study):
When bone loss is the result of periodontitis in the presence of occlusal trauma, removal of the occlusal trauma will do what?
-Will NOT result in regeneration of crestal bone
Occlusal trauma and periodontal disease (Laboratory Animal Study):
Bone alterations resulting from occlusal trauma alone are ________ when trauma is removed.
-Reversible
Occlusal trauma and periodontal disease (Laboratory Animal Study):
When bone loss is the result of periodontitis in the presence of occlusal trauma, removal (treatment) of BOTH will result in what?
In a remarkable, but not complete, regeneration of bone
Occlusal trauma and periodontal disease (Laboratory Animal Study):
Periodontitis with superimposed occlusal trauma produces what?
More bone loss than periodontitis alone
Occlusal trauma and Periodontal disease (Human Study):
Studies indicate a strong association with?
-Between initial and occlusal discrepancies and periodontal prognosis and increased periodontal probing depth of posterior teeth
Occlusal trauma and Periodontal disease (Human Study):
- Study provides strong evidence of an association between untreated occlusal discrepancies and the __________ of periodontal disease.
- In addition, the study shows that ________ treatment significantly ___________ the progression of __________ disease over time.
- progression
- occlusal
- reduces
- periodontal
What is Iatrogenic disease?
The creation of additional problems or complications as a result of treatment
Regarding restorative dentistry & the periodontium:
___________ of crowns and _________ margins of crowns and restorations were important determinants of ______________.
- Contour
- gingival
- periodontal health
Clinical research has determined that Gingival margin overhangs of inter proximal restorations are associated with _______________ that are significantly _________ than sites where there is no restoration.
- periodontal pockets
- deeper
Clinical research has determined that gingival inflammation and plaque retention scores show what?
Significant DECREASES following removal of the overhang
Gingival margin overhangs are associate with what 3 things?
1) Gingival inflammation
2) Bone loss
3) Microbial plaque and calculus accumulation
When doing restorations we want the root about _______ to the length of the crown.
1.5-2 mm
Force vectors outside the long axis of the roots tend to produce ___________ and ______________
- a rocking motion
- vertical bone loss
