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Periodontics D2 > Exam 2 Furcation Involvement > Flashcards

Exam 2 Furcation Involvement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Anatomic modifying factors of furcation involvement?

A

1) Cervical Enamel Projections
2) Enamel Pearls
3) Accessory Canals
4) Root Anatomy (Form, proximity, grooves &concavities, and bifurcation ridges)
5) Root Trunk Length

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2
Q

What are the modifying factors of furcation involvement?

A

1) Anatomic
2) Supervised Neglect
3) Difficult Cleansibility
4) Restorations

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3
Q

What are the Facial, Mesial, & Distal furcation measurements for Maxillary Molars ?

A 
F= 4mm
M= 3 mm
D= 5 mm
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4
Q

What are the Facial and Lingual furcation measurements for Mandibular Molars ?

A 
F= 3 mm
L= 4mm
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5
Q

What are the Mesial & Distal furcation measurements for Maxillary Bicuspids ?

A 
M= 7 mm
D= 7 mm
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6
Q

__________ with furcation involvement have a very __________ prognosis because of the root trunk length

A
  • Premolars

- poor

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7
Q

Bifurcation ridges are present in __________ of mandibular molars

A

73%

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8
Q

How do you probe a maxillary molar Mesial Furcation?

A

From the palate

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9
Q

T or F. To probe a maxillary molar Distal Furcation you go from the palate?

A

False

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10
Q

What is Glickman’s Class I Furcation Involvement?

A

1) Incipient bone loss

2) Radiographically not evident

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11
Q

Class I is defined as incipient (initial) bone ___________ in the _________ opening

A
  • loss

- furca

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12
Q

What is Glickman’s Class II Furcation Involvement?

A

1) PARTIAL bone LOSS
2) Depth will vary: early or advanced (shallow/deep)
3) Radiograph may or may not appear

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13
Q

Class II furcation is defined as ___________ bone loss (cul-de-sac)

A

partial

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14
Q

What is Glickman’s Class III Furcation Involvement?

A

1) Through-and-through
2) Inter-radicular bone is completely absent
3) Radiographic evidence is a usual finding

**There is soft tissue loss

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15
Q

A Class III furcation is defined as _______ bone loss with a through-and-through _______ of the __________

A
  • total
  • opening
  • furca
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16
Q

What is Glickman’s Class IV Furcation Involvement?

A

1) Through-and-through w/ furcation exposure due to gingival recession
2) Almost ALWAYS shows on radiographs

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17
Q

A Class IV furcation involvement is the SAME as a Class _________ except the furcation is ____________ due to gingival _____________

A
  • III
  • exposed
  • recession
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18
Q

The HAMP classification does not recognize Class ___________.
The HAMP system Class ______ and _________ are combined

A
  • IV

- III and IV

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19
Q

Furcation entrance is more _______ than standard cruet in most ______________

A
  • narrow

- 1st molars

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20
Q

What is Grade I cervical enamel projections ?

A

Distant change in the CEJ that projects toward the furcra

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21
Q

What is Grade II cervical enamel projections ?

A

CEP approaching the furcation

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22
Q

What is Grade III cervical enamel projections ?

A

CEP at the roof of or into the furcation

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23
Q

Cervical enamel projections are most common in which molars?

A
  • 28.6% of mandibular molars

- least: 17% of maxillary molars

24
Q

What is the width 80% of the time in a furcation?

A

Less than 1.0 mm

25
Q

What is the width 58% of the time in a furcation?

A

Less than 0.75 mm

26
Q

Curette Width is _______

A

1.25 mm

27
Q

For a Class I, II, and III what is the year for inadequate treatment?

A

Class I = YEAR 1
Class II = YEAR 4
Class III = YEAR 6

28
Q

CEPs in Greater than ______of isolated mandibular molars with furcation involvement

A

90%

29
Q

______% association between the presence of CEP and furcation involvement

A

50%

30
Q

Enamel pearls are most commonly found in which tooth?

A

75% on third molars

1.1% to 5.7 % of permanent molars

31
Q

What is the % of accessory canals in maxillary 1st molars?

A

36% *HIGHEST

32
Q

What is the % of accessory canals in mandibular 1st molars?

A

32%

33
Q

What is the % of accessory canals in mandibular 2nd molars?

A

24%

34
Q

What is the % of accessory canals in maxillary 2nd molars?

A

12 % (LOWEST)

35
Q

In non-vital or those w/ pulpitis, accessory canals are often associated w/ __________ ___________ of furcal bone

A

-Abscess

“blow-outs”

36
Q

The Furcation Problem:
600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.

459, (76%) the majority were calcified as having ________ disease

A

-Advanced

37
Q

The Furcation Problem:
600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.

99 (17%) had ________ disease

A

-Intermediate

38
Q

The Furcation Problem:
600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.

42 (7%) were classified as ________ disease

A

-Early

39
Q

The Furcation Problem:
-600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.

499 or 83% of Patients classified according to their response to maintenance therapy were _____________ and lost _____ teeth.

A
  • Well maintened group

- 0 to 3 teeth

40
Q

The Furcation Problem:
-600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.

76 or 13 % of Patients classified according to their response to maintenance therapy were _____________ and lost _____ teeth.

A
  • Downhill group

- 4-9 teeth

41
Q

The Furcation Problem:
-600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.

24 or 4% of Patients classified according to their response to maintenance therapy were _____________ and lost _____ teeth.

A
  • Extreme downhill

- 10-23 teeth

42
Q

Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:

300 patients lost ______TEETH (50%)

A

No teeth

43
Q

Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:

199 patients lost _______ teeth (33%)

A

1-3 teeth

44
Q

Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:

76 patients lost _______ teeth (13%)

A

4-9 teeth

45
Q

Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:

25 patients lost _______ teeth (4%)

A

10-23 teeth

46
Q

Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:

____ of teeth with an initial questionable prognosis were lost

A

31%

47
Q

Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:

______ of molars with initial furcation involvement were lost

A

31%

48
Q

_______ rooted teeth are maintained longer than _____ teeth

A

single

multiple

49
Q

Which 2 teeth are least likely to be lost ?

A

1) Mandibular cuspid #1

2) Maxillary cuspid

50
Q

Which 4 teeth are most likely to be lost?

A

1) Maxillary 2nd molar (#1)
2) Maxillary 1st molar (#2)
3) Mandibular 2nd molar (#3)
4) Mandibular 1st molar (#4)

51
Q

T or F. Mandibular 1st premolar is more likely to be lost than the Mandibular lateral incisor?

A

False

52
Q

T or F. Maxillary central incisor is more likely to be lost than the maxillary lateral incisor?

A

False

53
Q

Mandibular 2nd bicuspid or Maxillary central incisor which would be lost first?

A

Mandibular 2nd bicuspid

54
Q

Maxillary 2nd bicuspid or Mandibular central incisor which is lost first?

A

Maxillary 2nd bicuspid

55
Q

Maxillary 1st bicuspid vs Mandibular 2nd bicuspid which is lost first?

A

Maxillary 1st bicuspid

Periodontics D2 (12 decks)

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