Exam 2 Furcation Involvement Flashcards
What are the Anatomic modifying factors of furcation involvement?
1) Cervical Enamel Projections
2) Enamel Pearls
3) Accessory Canals
4) Root Anatomy (Form, proximity, grooves &concavities, and bifurcation ridges)
5) Root Trunk Length
What are the modifying factors of furcation involvement?
1) Anatomic
2) Supervised Neglect
3) Difficult Cleansibility
4) Restorations
What are the Facial, Mesial, & Distal furcation measurements for Maxillary Molars ?
F= 4mm M= 3 mm D= 5 mm
What are the Facial and Lingual furcation measurements for Mandibular Molars ?
F= 3 mm L= 4mm
What are the Mesial & Distal furcation measurements for Maxillary Bicuspids ?
M= 7 mm D= 7 mm
__________ with furcation involvement have a very __________ prognosis because of the root trunk length
- Premolars
- poor
Bifurcation ridges are present in __________ of mandibular molars
73%
How do you probe a maxillary molar Mesial Furcation?
From the palate
T or F. To probe a maxillary molar Distal Furcation you go from the palate?
False
What is Glickman’s Class I Furcation Involvement?
1) Incipient bone loss
2) Radiographically not evident
Class I is defined as incipient (initial) bone ___________ in the _________ opening
- loss
- furca
What is Glickman’s Class II Furcation Involvement?
1) PARTIAL bone LOSS
2) Depth will vary: early or advanced (shallow/deep)
3) Radiograph may or may not appear
Class II furcation is defined as ___________ bone loss (cul-de-sac)
partial
What is Glickman’s Class III Furcation Involvement?
1) Through-and-through
2) Inter-radicular bone is completely absent
3) Radiographic evidence is a usual finding
**There is soft tissue loss
A Class III furcation is defined as _______ bone loss with a through-and-through _______ of the __________
- total
- opening
- furca
What is Glickman’s Class IV Furcation Involvement?
1) Through-and-through w/ furcation exposure due to gingival recession
2) Almost ALWAYS shows on radiographs
A Class IV furcation involvement is the SAME as a Class _________ except the furcation is ____________ due to gingival _____________
- III
- exposed
- recession
The HAMP classification does not recognize Class ___________.
The HAMP system Class ______ and _________ are combined
- IV
- III and IV
Furcation entrance is more _______ than standard cruet in most ______________
- narrow
- 1st molars
What is Grade I cervical enamel projections ?
Distant change in the CEJ that projects toward the furcra
What is Grade II cervical enamel projections ?
CEP approaching the furcation
What is Grade III cervical enamel projections ?
CEP at the roof of or into the furcation
Cervical enamel projections are most common in which molars?
- 28.6% of mandibular molars
- least: 17% of maxillary molars
What is the width 80% of the time in a furcation?
Less than 1.0 mm
What is the width 58% of the time in a furcation?
Less than 0.75 mm
Curette Width is _______
1.25 mm
For a Class I, II, and III what is the year for inadequate treatment?
Class I = YEAR 1
Class II = YEAR 4
Class III = YEAR 6
CEPs in Greater than ______of isolated mandibular molars with furcation involvement
90%
______% association between the presence of CEP and furcation involvement
50%
Enamel pearls are most commonly found in which tooth?
75% on third molars
1.1% to 5.7 % of permanent molars
What is the % of accessory canals in maxillary 1st molars?
36% *HIGHEST
What is the % of accessory canals in mandibular 1st molars?
32%
What is the % of accessory canals in mandibular 2nd molars?
24%
What is the % of accessory canals in maxillary 2nd molars?
12 % (LOWEST)
In non-vital or those w/ pulpitis, accessory canals are often associated w/ __________ ___________ of furcal bone
-Abscess
“blow-outs”
The Furcation Problem:
600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.
459, (76%) the majority were calcified as having ________ disease
-Advanced
The Furcation Problem:
600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.
99 (17%) had ________ disease
-Intermediate
The Furcation Problem:
600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.
42 (7%) were classified as ________ disease
-Early
The Furcation Problem:
-600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.
499 or 83% of Patients classified according to their response to maintenance therapy were _____________ and lost _____ teeth.
- Well maintened group
- 0 to 3 teeth
The Furcation Problem:
-600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.
76 or 13 % of Patients classified according to their response to maintenance therapy were _____________ and lost _____ teeth.
- Downhill group
- 4-9 teeth
The Furcation Problem:
-600 treated periodontal patients assigned to maintenance and followed for 22 years.
24 or 4% of Patients classified according to their response to maintenance therapy were _____________ and lost _____ teeth.
- Extreme downhill
- 10-23 teeth
Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:
300 patients lost ______TEETH (50%)
No teeth
Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:
199 patients lost _______ teeth (33%)
1-3 teeth
Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:
76 patients lost _______ teeth (13%)
4-9 teeth
Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:
25 patients lost _______ teeth (4%)
10-23 teeth
Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:
____ of teeth with an initial questionable prognosis were lost
31%
Hirschfeld and Wasserman study:
______ of molars with initial furcation involvement were lost
31%
_______ rooted teeth are maintained longer than _____ teeth
single
multiple
Which 2 teeth are least likely to be lost ?
1) Mandibular cuspid #1
2) Maxillary cuspid
Which 4 teeth are most likely to be lost?
1) Maxillary 2nd molar (#1)
2) Maxillary 1st molar (#2)
3) Mandibular 2nd molar (#3)
4) Mandibular 1st molar (#4)
T or F. Mandibular 1st premolar is more likely to be lost than the Mandibular lateral incisor?
False
T or F. Maxillary central incisor is more likely to be lost than the maxillary lateral incisor?
False
Mandibular 2nd bicuspid or Maxillary central incisor which would be lost first?
Mandibular 2nd bicuspid
Maxillary 2nd bicuspid or Mandibular central incisor which is lost first?
Maxillary 2nd bicuspid
Maxillary 1st bicuspid vs Mandibular 2nd bicuspid which is lost first?
Maxillary 1st bicuspid
