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Pharmacology > Exam 2: Nervous System/Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Exam 2: Nervous System/Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main nervous systems of the CNS?

A

Afferent and Efferent

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2
Q

Sensory Information to the CNS is within the _______ system

A

Afferent

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3
Q

Motor commands from the .CNS. fall under the ______ system

A

Efferent

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4
Q

The motor system is split into two parts

A

Somatic (control ourselves)
Autonomic (brain controls)

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5
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

When the spinal cord sends an efferent signal back to the skeletal muscle before the brain has processed it.

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6
Q

Autonomic System has what three subdivisions?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric

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7
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

^HR
^BP
Dilates Bronchioles
Shunts Blood to Muscles
“Fight or Flight”

Widespread Impact
Reaches organs and tissues throughout the body.

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8
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Conserves energy
Shunts blood to Endocrine, GI, and Urogenital systems
“Rest and Digest”

Innervates only specific visceral structures
Effects are shorter lived

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9
Q

Sympathetic nerves are located in the _____ parts of the CNS system

A

Thoracolumbar

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10
Q

Parasympathetic Nerves are located in the ______ parts of the CNS system

A

Craniosacral

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11
Q

Sympathetic system has _____ Preganglionic Fibers and _____ Postganglionic Fibers

A

Short
Long

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12
Q

Parasympathetic system has _____ Preganglionic Fibers and _____ Postganglionic Fibers

A

Long
Short

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13
Q

Sympathetic Preganglionic Fibers Terminate:

A

Spinal Cord (ganglia paravertebral chains)

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14
Q

Parasympathetic Preganglionic Fibers Terminate:

A

Close to the organ
No Chain Ganglion

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15
Q

The GI system is mainly under the control of:

A

The Parasympathetic System/Enteric System

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16
Q

GI system is inhibited by the:

A

Sympathetic System

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17
Q

Many neurons of the Enteric System are non-______?

A

Non-Adrenergic AND Non-Cholinergic

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18
Q

Preganglionic Nerves Release:

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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19
Q

Postganglionic Nerves Release:

A

Epinephrine
(or)
Acetylcholine

20
Q

Somatic System Targets:

A

Skeletal Muscles

21
Q

Autonomic NS Targets:

A

Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Glands

22
Q

Sympathomimetics - Direct

A

Epinephrine
Isoproterenol
Albuterol

Act directly on a specific receptor

23
Q

Sympathomimetics Actions

A

-Constrict blood vessels
-Inotropic and Chronotropic Cardiac Effects
-Decrease Bronchiole Tone
-Decrease Uterine Muscle Tone

23
Q

Sympathomimetics - Indirect

A

Ephedrine
Amphetamines

-Can Release NE
-Inhibits NET
-Poor agonists at adrenoreceptors

(confusion about the VMAT thing?)

24
Q

Sympatholytic

A

Blocks SNS
Decrease BP
Block receptors: alpha, beta, or both

25
Q

Cholinergic Receptors

A

Muscarinic
Nicotinic

26
Q

Adrenergic Receptors

A

Alpha
Beta
Dopamine

27
Q

Excitatory Muscarinic

A

1, 3, 5
Activates Gq / Phospholipase C

28
Q

Inhibitory Muscarinic

A

2 & 5
Activates Gi / Inhibits cAMP

29
Q

2 Nicotinic Types

A

Neuronal and Muscular

30
Q

How many types of Alpha and Beta Receptors?

A

2 Alpha
3 Beta

31
Q

Where are Dopamine Receptors Located?

A

Brain and Renal System

32
Q

Alpha 1 Activate

A

Gq = Activates Phospholipase C

33
Q

Alpha 2 Activate

A

Gi = Inhibits cAMP

34
Q

Beta Receptors Activate

A

Gs = Stimulate cAMP

35
Q

Alpha1

A

Gq
Smooth Muscle
Binds GPCR -> Phospholipase C -> IP3/DAG -> Myosin Activated
IP3 -> MLCK activation
DAG -> MLCP inactivation

36
Q

MLCK

A

Myosin Light Chain Kinase
Phosphates Myosin to activate it

37
Q

MLCP

A

Inactivates Myosin by Removing a Phosphate from Myosin

38
Q

What interacts with Myosin to allow smooth muscle contraction?

A

Actin

39
Q

Beta 1 (and B2) - Heart

A

Gs
Norepinephrine activation
cAMP second messenger
Activates PK-A (Protein Kinase A)
Ca Release & absorption
Contraction

40
Q

Alpha 2

A

Presynaptic Receptor
Prevents release of NE when activated

41
Q

Beta 2 - peripheral

A

Gs
cAMP still, but is INHIBITORY
Inhibits MLCK
Allows for relaxation of arterial blood vessels -> Increased blood flow
More for Skeletal/Cardiac blood vessels. (more O2/nutrients to these)

42
Q

Sympathetic stimulation shunts blood from ______ to _______.

A

From Visceral Tissue to Skeletal Muscle.

43
Q

NANC Neurons

A

Non-Adrenergic, Non-cholinergic
Neurons that release other things.
(A lot of these)
NOs, Substance P, Somatostatin
See in the gut ENS

44
Q

Postganglionic ACh

A

Skeletal muscle = activation
Skeletal Blood Vessels = Dilation
Abdominal Blood Vessels = Constriction

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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