Exam 1: History/Definitions

Question 1

What is pharmacology?

Answer 1

Study of chemical interactions within living systems

Question 2

Define exogenous

Answer 2

Outside of the body
Ex: Chemicals and drugs

Question 3

Define endogenous

Answer 3

Inside of the body
Ex: Natural ligands (Epi)

Question 4

What is toxicology?

Answer 4

The study of undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems; usually looks at poisons and toxins

Question 5

What is a poison?

Answer 5

Non-biological substances

Question 6

What is a toxin?

Answer 6

Biological substance
Ex: Mushrooms or puffer fish

Question 7

Who is the ancient egyptian known as the first recorded phsycian?

Answer 7

Imhotep (3000 BCE)

Question 8

Who is the ancient greek that was named the “father of western medicine”?

Answer 8

Hippocrates

Question 9

Name 5 examples of early medicine?

Answer 9

1. Prehistoric (shamanism, animism, spiritualism, divination
2. Ancient Egypt
3. Ayurvedic (indian subcontinent)
4. Ancient Greek
5. Traditional Chinese Medicine

Question 10

How did the caduceus become the “logo” associated with medicine?

Answer 10

Ancient Greek god (Asclepius) who was associated with medicine and healing was created by or associated with the rod of Asclepius (single snake w/ rod). The Asclepius is confused with the caduceus (double snack w/ rod) which was used for commerce/trade. In the 1900s the US military confused the two and now you might see both symbols associated with medicine.

Question 11

What is the materia medica?

Answer 11

The first medical textbook, from Europe, dealing with pharmacology in the western world

Question 12

Who wrote the materia medica?

Answer 12

Dioscorides (c40 BCE)

Question 13

What did the materia medica contain?

Answer 13

Knowledge on botany and medicinal substances; also discussed the preparation & use of these substances

Question 14

Who is Paracelsus?

Answer 14

Father of toxicology

Question 15

What term/concept did Paracelsus coin?

Answer 15

“All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; only the dose permits something not to be poisonous”.
“The dose makes the poison”
Understanding that if you give a drug it will have side effects and if the quantity is larger, it can be toxic

Question 16

What are the two levels of anesthetic pharmacology?

Answer 16

1. Scientific basis of drug action (how drugs work/bind to receptors)
2. Practical knowledge (administering drugs)

Question 17

What are the 4 branches of pharmacology?

Answer 17

1. Pharmacodynamics
2. Pharmacokinetics
3. Pharmacogenomics
4. Toxicology

Question 18

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 18

The study of what a drug does to the body

Question 19

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 19

The study of what the body does to the drug
Ex: Half-life, what determines half-life, if drug can cross BBB

Question 20

What is pharmacogenomics?

Answer 20

Study of genetic profile to see how someone will react to a drug
Ex: Breast cancer drugs

Question 21

What is an agonist?

Answer 21

A drug that binds to a receptor and elicits a response

Question 22

What is an antagonist?

Answer 22

Something that binds to a receptor and BLOCKS the agonist from binding
Ex: Something blocking the endogenous ligand from binding to the receptor (A beta blocker blocking the effects of Epi by binding to the receptor first)

Question 23

What comprises organic compounds?

Answer 23

Mostly carbons, oxygens, and hydrogens

Question 24

What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

Answer 24

Inorganic compounds don’t have carbon, hydrogen, or oxygen

Question 25

What are examples of organic compounds?

Answer 25

Carbs, lipids, proteins

Question 26

What are examples of inorganic compounds?

Answer 26

Lithium, iron, etc.

Question 27

HELLOOOOOO :)