Exam 2: Lecture 3

Question 1

Many moral problems involve a conflict between ____ ____ ___ ____ ___.

Answer 1

rational self-interest and group cooperation.

Question 2

Basic Requirements of a Common Environmental Good

Answer 2

• unowned public good
• requires (for its production or maintenance) Cooperation from a significant number of members within the population.

Question 3

Common Environmental good definition

Answer 3

resources which are public benefits to all, such as

• unspoiled natural countryside,
• unspoiled wilderness,
• the earth’s atmosphere

Question 4

Key Characteristics of a Common Environmental Good

Answer 4

• (a) To produce the good, Coordinated action is required from several members of the group to which it is available.
• (b) Once the good is produced, its benefits are available to all, including those who did not contribute to its production.
• (c) It is quite simply impractical to exclude non-contributors from the benefits.
• (d) Contributors to the production of the good incur a Cost for cooperating.
• (e) The cost to each contributor is less than the benefit.

Question 5

CEG:

Answer 5

Common Environmetal Good

Question 6

CEG: (a) To produce the good,____ ____ is required from____ ___ __ __ ____to which it is available

Answer 6

Coordinated action, several members of the group

Question 7

CEG: (b) Once the good is produced,__ ___ __ ___ __ __, including t__ __ __ __ __ __ __.

Answer 7

its benefits are available to all, hose who did not contribute to its production

Question 8

CEG: (c) It is quite simply ___ ___ __ __ from the benefits.

Answer 8

impractical to exclude non-contributors

Question 9

CEG: (d) Contributors to the production of the good ___ ___ __ __ ____.

Answer 9

incur a Cost for cooperating.

Question 10

CEG: e) The cost to each contributor ___ __ _ __ ___.

Answer 10

is less than the benefit.

Question 11

Examples of Common Environmental goods

Answer 11

• Biodiversity,
• Fishing Levels in the Oceans,
• Manageable Populations of Humans,
• Solitude at National Parks,
• Lower Emission Levels/
• Good Air Quality

Question 12

Garrett Hardin

Answer 12

Tragedy of the Commons:

Question 13

Tragedy of the Commons:

Answer 13

1. “Picture a pasture open to all. …
2. As a rational being, each herdsman seeks to maximize his gain.
3. Explicitly or implicitly, more or less consciously, he asks,
4. “What is the utility to me of adding one more animal to my herd?”
5. This utility has one negative and one positive component.” p.435

Question 14

the Grade Game

Answer 14

Request a grade,

More than half request an A grade:

• Everyone’s grade is docked 2 levels

Less than half request an A grade:

• Everyone gets the requested grade

Question 15

Tragedy of the commons

Answer 15

• Each herdsman gains 1 for putting a cow out to pasture.
• Each herdsman loses 1/x in the costs that the cow takes on the land.