Exam 2: Lecture 2

Question 1

Thrasymachus

Answer 1

a moral skeptic :

• “there is no good reason to act morally”
• “It’s best for us if we practice injustice”

Question 2

Gloucon’s Justice

Answer 2

following the rules

Question 3

intrinsic value

Answer 3

good in itself

Question 4

instrumental value

Answer 4

good merely as a means to obtaining other good things. reputation, mutual cooperation, avoiding punishment

Question 5

both intrinsic and instrumental value

Answer 5

good in itself and as a means to obtaining other good things

Question 6

Dental Analogy

Answer 6

People go to the dentist because it has instrumental value in giving them health.

Question 7

Gloucon’s Challenge

Answer 7

People follow rules:

• -to avoid social consequences of unjust actions.
• -to pursue social consequences of unjust action

Without social consequences, individuals are actually better off if they are unjust

Question 8

Socrates justice argument

Answer 8

being a just person is intrinsically and and instrumentally valuable

Question 9

Gloucon’s Challenge

1. ________________
2. Suffering injustice naturally harms, or worsens one’s own position.
3. But the harm of suffering injustice outweights the benefit of doing injustice.

Answer 9

Gloucon’s Challenge

1. Doing injustice naturally benefits, or improves one’s own position.

Question 10

Gloucon’s Challenge

1. Doing injustice naturally benefits, or improves one’s own position.
2. ___________________
3. But the harm of suffering injustice outweights the benefit of doing injustice.

Answer 10

Gloucon’s Challenge

2. Suffering injustice naturally harms, or worsens one’s own position.

Question 11

Gloucon’s Challenge

1. Doing injustice naturally benefits, or improves one’s own position.
2. Suffering injustice naturally harms, or worsens one’s own position.
3. ___________

Answer 11

Gloucon’s challenge:

But the harm of suffering injustice outweights the benefit of doing injustice.

Question 12

a mythical magical artifact that grants its owner the power to become invisible at will.

Answer 12

Ring of Gyges

Question 13

Whose state of nature did we discuess

Answer 13

Thomas Hobbes

Question 14

Examples of belongings for which we

• suffer more by losing
• than others are pleased by gaining

Answer 14

• Wallet
• Professor’s PC
• Tomatoes, turnips, and potatoes

Question 15

Comparing the Prisoner’s dilemma to a just action

Answer 15

Question 16

The state of nature is

Answer 16

a “war of all against all,” in which human beings constantly seek to destroy each other in an incessant pursuit for power. Life in the state of nature is “nasty, brutish and short.”