exam 2: Last lecture

Question 1

The Formula of Humanity dictates________________________________. To treat humanity ______________ is morally wrong. In other words, you should___________ another person, or undercut someone’s ability to choose a life for themselves. For Kant, moral value Comes from the possession o___________ But apparently,___________________

Answer 1

The Formula of Humanity dictates how we should treat (and how we should not treat) humanity. To treat humanity merely as a means is morally wrong. In other words, you should never exploit another person, or undercut someone’s ability to choose a life for themselves. For Kant, moral value Comes from the possession of humanity. But apparently, humanity is something Only humans possess.

Question 2

1. Kant’s Traditional View: Animals have _______________

Answer 2

1. Kant’s Traditional View: Animals have a merely dependent moral status.

Question 3

Kant

Indirect Duties to Animals: It might be morally wrong sometimes to mistreat an animal. But the reason it is morally is that such mistreatment tends to make certain people ________________________________s. (It’s bad for humans!)

Answer 3

Kant

Indirect Duties to Animals: It might be morally wrong sometimes to mistreat an animal. But the reason it is morally is that such mistreatment tends to make certain people more inclined to be cruel in their treatment of other human beings. (It’s bad for humans!)

Question 4

Kant

Direct Duties: We really have ________________ since they have an inherent dignity that demands Our respect. Animals, according to Kant, do not have an____________ that demands Our respect.

Answer 4

Kant

Direct Duties: We really have direct moral obligations only to other human beings, since they have an inherent dignity that demands Our respect. Animals, according to Kant, do not have an inherent dignity that demands Our respect.

Question 5

LEt us bein by thinking about______________________________; then we go on to ask whether, given these reasons, a case can be made for saying that animals have this right as well

REGAN

Answer 5

LEt us bein by thinking about our resons for thinking human beings have the moral right not to be harmed; then we go on to ask whether, given these reasons, a case can be made for saying that animals have this right as well

REGAN

Question 6

Regan’s Rights-Based View: Some animals have____________ and _____________

Answer 6

Regan’s Rights-Based View: Some animals have inherent value and independent status.

Question 7

Regan

Human beings have rights because they are not only alive, but they also ______ In Other words, we as human beings are_________ a life that is better or worse for us.

Answer 7

Regan

Human beings have rights because they are not only alive, but they also “have a life.” In Other words, we as human beings are subjects of a life, a life that is better or worse for us.

Question 8

Regan

\If humans have rights for this reason, then so do ___________

Answer 8

Regan

If humans have rights for this reason, then so do some animals.

Question 9

3. Singer’s Utilitarian Defense: Most animals have _________ and __________

Answer 9

3. Singer’s Utilitarian Defense: Most animals have inherent value and independent status.

Question 10

Singer

Human beings are_________ because they are capable of experiencing _________________

Answer 10

Singer

Human beings are worthy of moral consideration because they are capable of experiencing pleasure and pain, fear and relief, etc.

Question 11

Singer

If humans have rights for this reason, then so do__________. After all, most animals seem clearly to __________________.

Answer 11

Singer

If humans have rights for this reason, then so do most animals. After all, most animals seem clearly to experience pleasure and pain as well. .