Exam 2: Lecture 12: Tracheal Collapse Flashcards
_____ is a form of tracheal obstruction caused by cartilage flacidity and flattening
tracheal collapse
sometimes erronesouly referrered to as ______ in older literature
congenital tracheal stenosis
T/F: cause of tracheal collapse is generally unknown and probably multifactoral
true
Proposed causes of tracheal collapse are?
- genetric factors
- nutritional factors
- allergens
- neurologic deficiencies
- Small airway disease
- Degeneration of cartilage matrices
Clinical pathology presented below is linked to?
- hyaline cartilage replaced by fibrocartilage and collagen fibers
- cartilages lose rigidity and ability to maintain normal tracheal conformation during respiratory cycle
- may be confined to an isolated segment or may involved the entire trachea and bronchial tree
- typically occurs in a dorsoventral direction (lateral collapse has been reported)
tracheal collapse
Cervical and thoracic inlet collapse during ______ for tracheal collapse
inspiration
Intrathoracic collapses on _____ for tracheal collapse
expiration
What structure is the most susceptible to tracheal collapse
thoracic inlet
collapse reduces the lumen size and interferes with airflow to the ______
lungs
Abnormal respiratory noises, exercise intolerance, gagging, and varying degrees of dyspnea occur with which disease?
tracheal collapse
______ becomes an important tracheobronchial clearning mechanism
coughing
What is the signalment for anmimals with tracheal collapse
typically toy- and minature-breed dogs
- toy poodles
- yorkshire terriers
- pomeranians
- maltese
- chihuahuas
males and females are affected equally
Smaller or larger dogs usually associated with trauma, deformitiy, or intraluminal or extraluminal masses should not be equated with tracheal collapse in toy-breed dogs
larger
What is the classical occuring age range for animals with tracheal collapse
middle aged or older toy breeds
- average 6-8 years
- frequently diagnosed in dogs with respiratory problems between 6 months and 5 years of age
Normal history of animals with tracheal collapse are?
- onset of clinical signs often before 1 year old
- often progress with age and included abnormal
= respiratory noise
= dyspnea
= exercise intolerance
= cyanosis
= syncope
T/F: some dogs with tracheal collapse nerve suffer respiratory distress, others die os asphyxiation, and clinical signs are more severe in obese animals
true
Respiratory noises in animals with tracheal collapse include?
- wheezing
- hacking
- stridorous breathing
some dogs do not make abnormal noises
How would you define the coughing in animals with tracheal collapse
- may be productive or non-productive
- classically a “goose honk” cough
- ofte becomes cyclic and paroxysmal
- gagging after coughing may occur in as many as 50% of cases
Gagging after coughing may occur in _____% of cases with tracheal collapse
50%
Clinical signs of tracheal collapse may be elicited or exacerbated by?
- tracheal infection
- tracheal compression
- exercise
- excitment
- eating
- drinking
- hot / humid weather
- noxious stimuli
These concurrent problems may effect animals with which disease?
- almost 50% of dogs and obese
- laryngeal paresis or paralysis has been reported in 20-30%
tracheal collapse
These concurrent problems may effect animals with which disease?
- systolic heart murmur consistent with mitral valve insufficientency in 1/3
- enlarged left atrium putting pressure on the carina and mainstream bronchi may aggravate upper respiratory sigsn
tracheal collapse
The concurrent problems may affect animals with which disease?
- greater than or equal to 40% of dogs thought to have dental or peridontal disease
= aspiration of oral bacteria into diseased airways is hypothesized to contribute to exacerbation of clinical signs caused by ingreasing airway inflammation or increasing coughing
tracheal collapse
What is the reason for the association with tracheal collapse and hepatomegaly and hepatopathy?
reason is unclear