Exam 1: Lecture 1 & 2: GDV 1 & 2 Flashcards
What is GDV?
-Gastric Dilation-Volvulus
-Enlargement of the stomach associated with rotation on its mesenteric axis
What is GDV also called?
-Bloat or Gastric torsion
What is bloat really?
-Simple dilation
-Stomach is engorged w/ air or froth, but not malpositioned (no rotation)
What kind of condition is GDV syndrome?
-Acute condition
What is the mortality rate of GDV syndrome in treated animals?
-20% - 45%
What happens with GDV syndrome?
-Dilation thought to be from functional or mechanical gastric outflow obstruction which prevents normal emptying (eructation, vomiting, pyloric emptying)
What is ESSENTIAL for survival of GDV syndrome?
-Early recognition & intervention
What is the main cause of gastric outflow obstruction in GDV syndrome?
-Cause of gastric outflow obstruction is unknown, but there are many potential predisposing factors
What are predisposing factors of GDV? (know all of them)
-Male gender
-Increasing age
-Being underweight
-Large volume feeding
-Eating once a day
-Eating rapidly
-Aerophagia
-Raised feeding bowl
-Fearful temperment
-Anatomic predisposition (breed, conformation - having deeper & narrower thorax)
-Stress
-Ileus
-Trauma
-Vomiting
What are some more specific predisposing factors for GDV syndrome?
-First degree relative w/ GDV (may recommend not use for breeding)
-Feeding a dry dog food in which one of the 1st four ingredients is an oil or a fat
-Primary gastric motility disorders
-Atmospheric influence in military working dogs
What are some contributing factors of GDV syndrome that are unsupported by data?
-Exercise before/after large meals or water
-Soy-based or cereal-based dry dog food
-Gastric instability following splenectomy
What are the recommendations for clients to avoid increasing the risk of GDV syndrome?
-Feed several meals a day
-Avoid stress during feeding
-Restrict exercise before & after meals (> 1 hour)
-Do not use elevated feeding bowls
-Do not breed dogs w/ first-degree relative w/ H/O GDV
-Consider prophylactic gastropexy in high-risk dogs
-Seek veterinary care at 1st sign of GDV
What does the stomach do in a GDV?
-Stomach rotates in a clockwise direction when viewed from the surgeon’s perspective
What do the other organs (besides stomach) do during a GDV?
-Duodenum & pylorus move ventrally & to the left of midline, between the esophagus and stomach
-Spleen usually displaced to the right ventral abdomen (varies)
What happens physiology wise during a GDV?
-Caudal vena cava & portal vein compression reduces venous return & cardiac output, causing myocardial ischemia
-Reduction of: central venous pressure, stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output
Obstructive shock and inadequate tissue perfusion from GDV can affect
-Kidneys
-Heart
-Pancreas
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Cardiac arrhythmias (especially if gastric necrosis)
What has been implicated as causing much of the tissue damage that ultimately results in death after correction of GDV?
-Reperfusion injury
What dogs are more predisposed to GDV?
Large deep-chested breeds
-Great Dane, Weimaraner, Saint Bernard, GSD, Irish & Gordon Setters & Doberman Pinscher
-Shar Peis may be increased risk for medium breed
-Basset Hound may be increased risk despitte size
-Middle-age to older dogs (can occur at any age)
There’s a high correlation between ______ and GDV
-Thoracic depth to width & GDV (Lateral compression)
What are the classic things in a history that make your #1 differential GDV?
-Progressively distending & tympanic abdomen
-Painful (arched back, restless, grunting, panting)
-“Dog sitting”
-Hypresalivation
-Nonproductive (or minimally productive) retching
-Dyspnea
-Restlessness
What radiographs should be taken when worried about GDV?
-Take right lateral & dorsoventral radiographs
What does free abdominal air on a radiograph when you suspect GDV suggest?
-Suggests gastric rupture
Air within the wall of the stomach on radiographs indicates
-Necrosis
Why do we need to use caution when handling a suspect GDV patient for radiographs?
-May cause vomiting
-May create unstable patient