Exam 2: Lecture 10 - Brachycephalic Syndrome Flashcards
Which breed of animals typically have a compressed face with poorly developed nares and a distorted nasopharynx
Brachycephalic breeds
Which head shape is the result of an inherited developmental defect in the bones of the base of the skul. These bones grow to a normal width but have reduced length. The soft tissues of the head are not proportionately reduced and often redundant
Brachycephalic breeds
What is the south Georgia definition
- flat nosers
- smushed faced dawgs
- Dawgs that chase parked cars
Typical affected brachycephalic dogs are?
- english bulldog
- french bulldog
- Pug
- boston terrier
- Shar pei
- cavalier king charles spaniel
- Lhasa apso
- Shih tau
- boxer
- pekingese
Which breed in an anesthesiologists nightmare and surgeons dream?
Brachycephalic syndrome
which syndrome refers to the combination of the surgically addressable conditions causing upper airway obstruction in brachiocephalic breeds
Brachycephalic syndrome
What are other names for Brachycephalic syndome
- Brachycephalic obstruction airway syndome
- Brachycephalic airway syndrome
What are the 3 major components of brachycephalic airway syndrome
- stenotic nares
- elongated soft palate
- everted laryngeal saccules
Brachycephalic airway syndrome is associated with?
- laryngeal collapse
- hypoplastic trachea
- nasopharynx turbinates
- tracheal collapse
- tonsil eversion
Other abnormalities that may cause or contribute to upper respiratory obstruction in brachycephalic dogs include?
- tracheal collapse
- obesity
- laryngeal paralysis
- masses obstructing the glottis, larynx, or trachea
- traumatic disruption of the airway
Stenotic Nares in congenital malformations of the nasal cartilages may result in?
- medial collapse
- Partial occulsion of the external nares
With Stenotic Nares, airflow into the nasal cavity is restricted and greater inspiratory effort is necessary, causing mild to severe _____
dyspnea
What does the following define?
Stenotic Nares
Is the left or right normal nares?
left
Is the left or right stenotic nares?
right
What structure in the nose needs to be removed to correct stenotic nares?
removal of the alar folds
What type of wedge shape, suture type, and blade number can be used for a subtotal removal of the alar fold to correct stenotic nares?
- Recession wedge (pie-shaped wedge)
- monofilament suture closure
- # 11 blade
What is the most common componet of brachycephalic syndrome?
Elongated soft palate
Define elongated soft palate in brachycephalic dogs
soft palate is pulled caudally during inspiration, obstructing the glottis
- increased inspiratory effort
- Causes more turbulent airflow
What happens to the laryngeal mucosa during elongated soft palate?
becomes inflamed and edematous, further narrowing the airway
What is this picture showing?
Elongated soft palate
Everted laryngeal saccules are reported in over half of dogs with which syndrome?
Brachycephalic syndrome
What is considered the first stage of laryngeal collapse
everted laryngeal saccules
T/F: It may be difficult to differentiate everted laryngeal saccules from the vocal folds. Everted saccules partially or completly obscure the vocal folds
true