Exam 2: Lecture 11 - Laryngeal Paralysis Flashcards
What is defined as the complete or partial failure or the arytenoid cartilages and vocal fods to abduct during inspiration
laryngeal paralysis
What is number 1
Corniculate process
What is number 2
Cuniform process
What is number 3
Cuniform cartilage
What is number 4
Corniculate cartilage
What is number 5
Arytenoid cartilage
The intrinsic muscle of the dogs larynx are innervated by somatic efferent axons from which nerve?
Vagus nerve
Some axons leave the vagus in which nerve to innervate the cricothryoid muscle; others provide sensory innervation to the mucosa
Cranial laryngeal nerve
Which nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve terminates as the caudal laryngeal nerve, which innervates the remaining intrinsic muscles of the larynx
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Which nerve traveks along the dorsolateral surface of the trachea and continues over the lateral surface of the cricoarytenoids dorsalis before deviating to the medial surface of the thyroid cartilage laminate
caudal laryngeal nerve
The following can cause?
- Dysfunction of laryngeal muscles
- Dysfunction of recurrent laryngeal or vagus nerve
- Cricoarytenoid ankylosis
Upper respiratory obstruction and mild to severe dyspnea
What are the most common causes of upper respiratory obstruction and mild to severe dyspnea
acquired or congenital neurological causes are the most common
Atrophy of the cricoarytenoid dorsalis muscle causes the cartilages to remin in a paramedian position during inspiration, preventing maximal air intake and increasing airflow resistance. the narrowed rima glottidis increases resistance to airlfow and creates turbulence, which gives rise to which condition?
Laryngeal Stridor
To maintain the same flow rate through the paralyzed larynx as is seen in the remainder of the respiratory tract, the speed of airflow through the larynx must increase or decrease?
increase
Congenital, inherited laryngeal paralysis occurs in which breed of dogs?
- White coat german shepherd dogs
- Bouvier des flandres
- Bull terriers
- Siberian Huskies
A congenital laryngeal paralysis polyneuropathy complex associated with dying back of peripheral nerves has been recognized in which breed of dogs?
- Dalmatians
- Rottweilers
- Leonberger Dogs
- Pyrenean Mountain Dogs (Great Pyrenees)
Acquired laryngeal paralysis is caused by damage to the recurrent lryngeal nerve or intrinsic laryngeal muscles is most often attributed to?
- Polyneuropathy
- Polymyopathy
- Accidental or Iatrogenic Trauma
- Intrathoracic or extrathoracic masses
- Many other causes have been proposed
The Abbreviation ______ has been proposed as more accurate term for dogs with acquired laryngeal paralysis where other causes have been ruled out
GOLPP
- geriatric onset laryngeal paralysis polyneuropathy
List the proposed etiologies
What is the signalment of Laryngeal paralysis in dogs
- More common in large breed dogs
- males are affected two to four time more than females
- Dogs with unilateral Laryngeal paralysis rarely symptomatic
Acquired idopathic Laryngeal paralysis is most common in?
middle-ages or older dogs
COngenital Laryngeal paralysis should be suspected in _____ large breed dogs with upper airway obstruction
young
- less than 1 year of age
Which breed is the most commonly reported for Laryngeal paralysis
Labrador Retriever
Over-represnted breeds of Laryngeal paralysis are?
- golden retrievers
- saint bernard
- newfoundlands
- irish setters
- Brittany spaniels