Exam 2 - Gas Exchange Flashcards
process of transporting O2 to cells and CO2 transported from cells
gas exchange
inhaling O2 into lungs and exhaling CO2 from lungs is _____
ventilation
availability of Hb to carry O2 and CO2
transport
what are 3 reasons for impaired transport?
(1) anemia
(2) hemorrhage
(3) sickle cell
ability of blood to transport O2-containing Hb to cells and return CO2
perfusion
name two reasons for altered perfusion
(1) decreased CO
(2) thrombus / PE
ventilation impairment can lead to ____
respiratory acidosis; long-term can lead to cellular ischemia
name at least 3 risk factors for impaired gas exchange
(1) smoking
(2) anesthesia
(3) seizures
(4) prolonged immobility
(5) COPD, HF
(6) infections
bubbling sound during inspiration is an indication of ____
crackles
crackles usually are d/t ____
fluid or secretion overload
Pulmonary edema and HF are associated with what lung sounds?
crackles
whistling, high-pitched sound
wheezing
wheezing is usually due to ____
narrowed airways - asthma, COPD
low-pitched snoring sound
Rhonchi
Rhonchi is associated with which two conditions?
COPD and pneumonia
what lab tests do we use to assess gas exchange?
(1) ABGs
(2) sputum
(3) skin test
(4) pathologic analysis
which radiologic studies do we use to assess gas exchange?
(1) Chest x-ray
(2) CT
(3) PET
(4) pulmonary function tests
post-op, patient should perform incentive spirometry ____ (frequency)
q1h while awake
post-op, patients should cough and deep breathe with splinting ____ (frequency)
q1h
which meds can help with the upper airways?
(1) antihistamines
(2) decongestants
(3) nasal glucocorticoids
which meds help with lower airways?
(1) glucocorticoids
(2) b2 agonists like Albuterol
(3) anticholinergics
___ and ____ meds are used for helping to cough up mucus
mucolytics, expectorants
____ are cough suppressants
antitussives
T/F - we can overoxygenate COPD patients
T
what nutrition needs should we teach for gas exchange impairment?
eat small, high-calorie and protein meals to avoid malnutrition and weight loss
____ should be taken before meals to help with eating and work of breathing
bronchodilators
what are two ideal positions for impaired gas exchange?
(1) High Fowler’s
(2) Tripod
