Colorectal Cancer

Question 1

What is the most common site of metastasis for CRC?

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

Name at least 3 risk factors for CRC

Answer 2

Age > 50
Genetic predisposition
Lynch syndrom AKA HNPCC
Smoking
Infectious agents (H. Pylori, HPV)

Question 3

What are the 3 most common symptoms of CRC?

Answer 3

(1) rectal bleeding
(2) anemia
(3) changes in stool consistency or shape

Question 4

passage of red blood via the rectum is called?

Answer 4

Hematochezia

Question 5

_____ can be used to monitor effectiveness of tx and to identify disease recurrence

Answer 5

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Question 6

What is the definitive test for the diagnosis of CRC?

Answer 6

Colonoscopy

Question 7

provides visualization of the lower colon using a fiberoptic scope

Answer 7

Sigmoidoscopy

Question 8

view of the entire large bowel from the rectum to the ileocecal valve

Answer 8

Colonoscopy

Question 9

What staging system is most often used in CRC?

Answer 9

TNM classification

Question 10

____ is a VEGF inhibitor used for metastatic CRC

Answer 10

Bevacizumab

Question 11

Cetuximab and panitumumab are what type of treatment for CRC?

Answer 11

Monoclonal antibodies

Question 12

Intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy is used for pts with what?

Answer 12

Liver metastasis

Question 13

What is a strong predictor of CRC prognosis?

Answer 13

The number of lymph nodes that contain cancer

Question 14

surgical creation of an opening (stoma) of the colon onto the surface of the abdomen to allow passage of stool

Answer 14

Colostomy

Question 15

One goal of the nurse or WOC nurse during preop care is what?

Answer 15

Teach about rationale and principles of ostomy care

Question 16

usually on transverse colon; usually temporary

Answer 16

Loop stoma

Question 17

usually in the descending or sigmoid colon; usually permanent

Answer 17

End stoma

Question 18

least common; proximal stoma is functional and distal stoma is nonfunctional but secretes mucus

Answer 18

Double-barrel stoma

Question 19

What is the typical hospital stay for someone that underwent a laparoscopic MIS?

Answer 19

1-2 days

Question 20

Appliance

Answer 20

colostomy pouch system

Question 21

____ holds the appliance in place

Answer 21

adhesive barriers / wafers

Question 22

Nurses need to report stoma ____ and continuous _____.

Answer 22

Ischemia; heavy bleeding

Question 23

Nurses should educate that the colostomy will start to work in ____ days.

Answer 23

2-3

Question 24

When should the colostomy pouch be emptied?

Answer 24

When it is 1/3 to 1/2 full

Question 25

For rectal pain and itching, ____ is used.

Answer 25

Benzocaine

Question 26

2 ways that nurses can help prevent complications after surgery are what?

Answer 26

(1) maintain F&E balance
(2) observe incision integrity

Question 27

Can stool softeners be prescribed for pts with a stoma?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Name at least 3 pieces of education that a nurse can provide for ongoing colostomy care

Answer 28

(1) appearance of normal stoma
(2) measuring stoma
(3) nutrition changes to manage odor/gas
(4) stool consistency
(5) resumption to normal activities

Question 29

How often should you measure the stoma in the first 6-8 weeks?

Answer 29

At least once weekly to adjust to changes (shrinks)

Question 30

We want the skin around the stoma to be ____ before applying adhesion.

Answer 30

Flat and smooth

Question 31

Why is a skin sealant important?

Answer 31

Prevent skin irritation and rawness, which can lead to infection

Question 32

One thing you should not place in the pouch is ___ because it can lead to ____.

Answer 32

Aspirin, ulcers

Question 33

_____ colostomy may need irrigation to regulate elimination

Answer 33

Sigmoid