Exam 2 - Furcas Flashcards
The following probes measure what type of depth respectively?
- Periodontal Probe
- Nabers Furcation Probe
- Vertical Depth
2. Horizontal depth
4 main categories of modifying factors of furcation involvement
- Anatomic
- Supervised Neglect
- Difficult Cleansibility
- Restorations
Name 5 anatomic modifying factors of furcation involvement
- Cervical Enamel Projections
- Enamel Pearls
- Accessory Canals
- Root Anatomy
- Root trunk length
Maxillary Molar furcation depth on Facial, Mesial, Distal & LIngual
Facial: 4 mm
Mesial: 3 mm
Distal: 5 mm
Lingual: none
Maxillary Bicuspid furcation depth on Facial, Mesial, Distal & Lingual?
Facial: None
Mesial: 7 mm
Distal: 7 mm
Lingual: none
Mandibular Molar furcation depth on Facial, Mesial, Distal & Lingual?
Facial: 3 mm
Mesial: none
Distal: none
Lingual: 4 mm
What is the measurements to a short, average and long root trunk?
Short = 1-2 mm Average = 3 mm Long = > 4 mm
Which teeth with furcation involvement have a very poor prognosis because of the root trunk length?
Premolars
Bifurcation ridges are present in what percentage of mandibular molars?
73%
To get into the mesial furcation of a maxillary molar, what is the proper direction of entry to place the probe?
To get into the medial, you need to enter from the palatal side of the tooth.
2 characteristics of Glickman’s class I furcation involvement
- Incipient bone loss in the furca opening
2. Radiographically not evident
3 characteristics of Glickman’s class II furcation involvement
- Partial bone loss (cul-del-sac)
- Depth will vary: early or advanced
- Radiograph may or may not appear
Which class of furcation is defined as partial bone loss?
Class II
3 characteristics of Glickman’s Class III Furcation Involvement?
- Through-and-through
- Inter-radicular bone is completely absent
- Radiographic evidence is a usual finding
Which class of furcation is defined as total bone loss with a through-and-through opening of the fulcra?
Class III
2 characteristics of Glickman’s Class IV Furcation involvement
- Through-and-through with furcation exposure
2. Almost always shows on radiographs
What is the difference between a Class III and Class IV furcation?
Class IV furcation involvement is the same as a Class III except the furcation is exposed due to gingival recession
Difference between Glickman’s classification system and the Hamp system?
Hamp system Class III and IV are combined. It does not recognize a class IV
Describe the average percentage of molars and their measurements that have a furcation involvement smaller than the standard curette?
58%
Explain the 3 grades of cervical enamel proections
Grade I: Distinct change in the CEJ that projects toward the furca
Grade II: CEP approaching the furcation
Grade III: CEP at the roof of or into the furcation
What percentage of mandibular molars have CEPs?
28.6% of mandibular molars
What percentage of Maxillary molars have CEPs?
17% of maxillary molars
There were noted CEPs in what percentage of isolated mandibular molars with furcation involvement?
> 90%
What percentage of the time are enamel pearls found on permanent molars?
1.1% to 5.7% of permanent molars
What percentage of Third molars generally have enamel pearls?
75%
Percentage of molar teeth with accessory canals that exit in the roof of the furca:
- Maxillary 1st molar
- Mandibular 1st molar
- Mandibular 2nd molar
- Maxillary 2nd molars
- Max 1st molar: 36%
- Man 1st molar: 32%
- Man 2nd molar: 24%
- Max 2nd molar: 12%
In non-vital teeth or those with pulpits, accessory canals are often associated with what?
Abscess “blow-outs” of the furcal bone
Loss of individual teeth in order of frequency? 1st half
Maxillary 2nd molar Maxillary 1st molar Mandibular 2nd molar Mandibular 1st molar Maxillary 2nd bicuspid Mandibular CI Maxillary 1st bicuspid Mandibular 2nd bicuspid Maxillary CI
Loss of individual teeth in order of frequency? 2nd half
Maxillary LI Mandibular 1st bicuspid Mandibular LI Maxillary cuspid Mandibular cuspid
