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Periodontics > Exam 1 - Women, Puberty, Etc. > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Women, Puberty, Etc. Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the interaction in gingivitis and puberty

A

Increased levels of estrogen/progesterone –> increase gingivitis –> Increased levels of Prevotella intermedia

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2
Q

4 techniques of management to puberty gingivitis

A
  1. OHI (frequent reinforcement)
  2. Scaling and polishing
  3. Antimicrobial mouthrinses (CHX)
  4. Local/systemic antimicrobials if severe and medical history indicates need.
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3
Q

Describe the hormones and their levels that are considered to act during pregnancy gingivitis

A

Decreased estrogen levels

Increased progesterone levels

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4
Q

4 adverse pregnancy outcomes

A

Pre-term birth
Low Birth Weight
Preeclampsia
Fetal Growth Restriction and Development

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5
Q

Name the 4 points to the hormonal relationship to gingival inflammation

A
  1. Menadione is an essential nutrient for P. intermedia
  2. P. intermedia can substitute progesterone for menadione
  3. Elevated progesterone levels will facilitate growth and colonization of P. intermedia
  4. P. Intermedia is tissue invasive and associated with gingival inflammation and pyogenic granuloma formation.
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6
Q

What type of dental treatment can be achieved at each trimester during pregnancy in a patient needing periodontal management.

A

1st trimester: No treatment/Emergency only
2nd trimester: Safest time frame for treatment
- control active disease
- eliminate potential problems
- postpone periodontal surgery
3rd trimester (last month): Selective treatment

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7
Q

Medications that may cause xerostomia in the older adult

A

Antidepressants
Antihistamines
Antihypertensives
Diuretics

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8
Q

Diseases that may cause xerostomia

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

Diabetes (poor control)

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9
Q

Individuals taking oral bisphosphonates for greater than 3 years may be at risk for what?

A

Greater risk for loss of newly placed dental implants and BIONJ following tooth extraction of periodontal surgery involving bone exposure

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10
Q

T or F, Risk factors are the same in all ages

A

True

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11
Q

T or F, In older adults, there are fewer patients with advanced disease

A

True

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12
Q

Oral signs and symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes leading to periodontal disease

A 
Xerostomia
Burning mouth
Periodontal abscesses
Dental caries
Candidiasis
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13
Q

What patient information might lead you to believe they have uncontrolled diabetes

A 
Family history
Age > 40 yrs
Classic symptoms (3 P's)
Periodontal abscesses
Rapid alveolar bone loss
Poor response to treatment
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14
Q

Cellular populations at Initial, Acute and Chronic stages of inflammation

A

Initial –> PMN’s
Acute –> PMN’s, Macrophages, and a few lymphocytes
Chronic –> Mostly lymphocytes and Plasma cells, Few PMNs and Macrophages

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15
Q

Vascular component of gingival inflammation

A

Color
Edema/swelling
bleeding

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16
Q

Is plaque necessary to initiate gingivitis and/or periodontitis

A

Yes

17
Q

Does everybody with poor plaque control eventually develop gingivitis?

A

Yes

18
Q

Does everybody that has gingivitis because of poor long-term plaque control eventually develop periodontitis?

A

No

19
Q

T or F, Plaque is necessary and sufficient to initiate periodontitis

A

False, Necessary but not sufficient

20
Q

Steroids act on what point in the inflammation cascade?

A

Phospholipases

Cell Membrane phospholipids –> Arachidonic acid

21
Q

Singulair acts on what point in the inflammation cascade?

A

5-Lipoxygenase

22
Q

Aspirin, NSAIDS, Cox-2, indomethacin act at what point in the inflammation cascade?

A

Cyclooxygenase

Arachidonic acid –> Prostaglandin

23
Q

Initial lesion develops in how many days?

A

2-4 days

Increased GCF and vasculitis

24
Q

Two basic categories of Virulence factors

A
  1. Stimulates host (more important)
    - stimulates cells to release cytokines
  2. Degrades host
    - Enzymes (hyaluronidase, collagenase, etc.)
25
Q

The Early lesion evolves at how many days?

A

4-7 days

26
Q

Describe what is occurring during the early lesion

A

Acute inflammation persists (PMNs)

Chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate begins to appear (lymphocytes & Macrophages)

27
Q

Established lesion occurs at what time period?

A

After 2-3 weeks

28
Q

Describe what is occurring during the established lesion

A

Neutrophils persist but chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate dominates (Plasma cells, macrophages and lymphocytes)

29
Q

Bone loss during established lesion/

A

No

30
Q

What is the final stage of gingivitis?

A

Established lesion

31
Q

At what stage does alveolar bone resorption occur?

A

The advanced lesion.

32
Q

What occurs during the advanced lesion?

A 
Activation of osteoclasts
MMPs
Cytokines
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
33
Q

Pocket formation results from what 3 things?

A

Apical migration of JE
Loss of CT fiber attachment
Loss of bone

Periodontics (10 decks)

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