Exam 1 - Intro lecture Flashcards
6 types of gingival diseases
- Plaque-induced Gingivitis
- Gingival Diseases Modified by Systemic Factors
- Gingival Diseases Modified by Medications
- Non-Plaque Induced Gingivitis
- Gingival lesions of genetic origin
- Gingival manifestations of systemic conditions
Two systemic factor associations that may lead to gingival disease modification
- Endocrine system (Puberty, Pregnancy, Diabetes)
2. Blood Dyscrasias
T or F, In many cases in which gingival diseases are modified by systemic factors, the signs of inflammation are only present when large amounts of bacteria are found in the plaque.
False, They are present with relatively little amounts of bacterial plaque (in many of the cases, but not necessarily all).
**Controlling the systemic factors becomes more important than controlling bacterial plaque
Gingival enlargement can be seen in patients using what medications?
Phenytoin Sodium (Dilantin)
Cyclosporine
Ca Channel Blockers (Nifedipine)
Name the specific bacterial origins of non-plaque induced gingival disease
Neisseria gonorrhea
Treponema pallidum
Streptococcal (B-hemolytic)
Name the two viral origins for non-plaque induced gingival disease
Herpes Type I and Type II
Varicella-zoster infections
Name the 3 fungal origins for non-plaque induced gingival disease
Candida albicans
Histoplasmosis
Linear gingival erythema
Name the condition generally associated with gingival lesions of genetic origin
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
4 types of gingival manifestations of systemic conditions
Mucocutaneous disorders
Allergic reactions
Traumatic lesions
Foreign body reactions
Differentiate between localized and generalized chronic periodontitis
Localized (less than or equal to 30% of teeth involved)
Generalized (Greater than 30% of teeth involved)
Aggressive periodontitis is associated with what age group?
Adolescence
Up to 30 years of age generally
What bacteria are generally associated with aggressive periodontitis?
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Describe the differences between Localized Aggressive Periodontitis and Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
Localized:
- patient exhibits a strong serum antibody response to the infecting agents.
- Excellent prognosis!! It can be cured
Generalized:
- Patient exhibits a poor antibody response to infecting agents.
- Patients do not respond well to conventional periodontal therapy.
- Use of systemic antibiotics should be considered to help control disease.
What genetic disorders may result in periodontitis for the patient
Familial and Cyclic Neutropenia Down Syndrome Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome Papillon-Lefvre Syndrome Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Which periodontal diseases are stress induced?
NUG
A cracked or fractured root might be a good example of what kind of abscess?
Periodontal abscess
4 localized tooth-related factors that modify or predispose to plaque-induced gingival disease/periodontitis
- Tooth anatomic factors
- Dental Restorations & Appliances
- Root Fracture
- Cervical Root Resorption
5 mucogingival deformities
Gingival/Soft tissue recession Lack of keratinized gingiva Decreased Vestibular depth Aberrant Frenum/Muscle attachment Gingival excess
4 components of the periodontium
Gingiva
Periodontal Ligament
Cementum
Alveolar Bone proper
Clinical color of gingiva
Coral pink Melanin pigmentation (Variable)
Difference between anterior and posterior gingiva
Anterior: Distinctly Pyramidal
Posterior: Slightly Pyramidal
Scalloped outline
Describe the texture of Gingiva
Stippling (variable presence)
Variables that impact probing depth
Inflammation Probe Diameter Tapered vs. Parallel Force (0.15 N to 0.75 N) Band width (0.7 mm to 1.0 mm)
Range of probing depth for normal/healthy periodontium
0-3 mm
Furcation probes can also be called what?
Nabors
Furcation probes indicate what?
Horizontal depth
When BOP is positive, what does this mean clinically?
Active disease
Presence of microbial Biofilm/plaque
Ulcerative sulcus/Pocket Epithelium
What constitutes the biological width and what is it’s value in mm?
Junctional epithelium + Connective Tissue Attachment
2 mm
Average width of the PDL is how many mm?
0.17 mm
Tooth mobility classifications:
Class I (>0.2 mm but 1mm) Class III ( > 1mm + Axial displacement)
