Exam # 2 Flashcards Week 6-8

1
Q

ADHD behaviors

A

Inattentiveness
-don’t complete tasks
-short attention span/ usually avoid tasks that require attention
-easily distracted
-don’t listen
-hard time with time management
Hyperactivity
-constant movement
-impulsive
-interrupting conversations

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2
Q

ADHD medications

A

Stimulants
- Methylphenidate
- Amphetamine Salts
- Lisadexafetamine

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3
Q

ADHD medication consideration

A

Give early in the morning before breakfast
monitor their weight couple times per week due to appetite suppression
Monitor vitals
High potential for substance abuse
Can make anxiety worse
Patches: only on for 9 hours during the day

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4
Q

ADHD Nursing Interventions

A

Safety
Low stimuli
Can be in groups

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5
Q

Anorexia symptoms

A

Poor circulation
Pallor
Palpitations
Faint
Dizziness
Menstrual disturbances
Unexplained GI disturbances (Constipation)
Cachexia
Lanugo
Hypokalemia

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6
Q

Anorexia: how to know if they are getting better?

A

Gaining weight (>30% weight, >10% body fat)
— make sure to weight pt regularly
HR goes normal (>40)
Vitals return normal (SBP >70)
Stop doing compensatory behaviors
— observe patient during eating and 1-3 hours after
Cognitive distortions are improved
they are eating something
not getting better if weight stays the same

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7
Q

What is Mental Status Exam (MSE) testing for?

A

Testing Cognition

orientation
memory
ability to follow directions (mood, behavior, perception)
counting backwards (doing basic math)
ability to focus

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8
Q

What to do with wandering patient?

A

Dementia
Deescalate the situation first
— walk them to a room
— reorient them
— Redirect
— distract them

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9
Q

How would you set up a room for a patient with dementia?

A

Calendar
Pictures
Window
Good lighting (not too dim to avoid shadows)
No scattered rugs
Label things

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10
Q

Dementia assessment

A

4 A’s
1. Amnesia- memory loss
2. Apashia- loss of speech
3. Apraxia- loss of movement or to perform tasks
4. Agnosia - inability to interpret sensations

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11
Q

Priority assessment for Crisis

A

Psychosis
— this is the priority because they might be experience command hallucinations. Can lead to self harm or harming others.
— can also have overwhelming anxiety and panic

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12
Q

What makes grieving maladaptive?

A

More than 6 months
— still not being able to function
— still talking about grief in the present tense for more than 6 months and making plans

Ex: someone can’t sleep due to a loss. After 6 months they should start sleeping. If not.. then considered maladaptive.

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13
Q

Zolpidem

A

Sleep medication

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14
Q

What does it mean to have severe mental illness?

A

Affects ability to function

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15
Q

Ageism

A

Limiting treatment options because a person is old

Example: “he’s old, so he can’t handle it”

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16
Q

For older adults. What do we need to assess when taking a lot of medication?

A

Metabolism
— slower metabolism, drug will last a lot longer
— medication takes a lot longer to metabolize in older adults so may require a lower dose
Medication adherance
Potential interactions
Anticholinergic medications
— can cause dehydration and delirium.
— can lead to death

17
Q

Anticholinergic examples

A

TCAs (Amitriptyline, doxepin, imipramine, nortriptyline)
Diphenhydramine
Cogentin
all linked to decrease brain function and early death

18
Q

Risk factors for suicide

A

Males [white] high risk
— and succeed
Substance Abuse
Family history

19
Q

Stage 1: Alzheimer’s

A

Forgetfulness
A little forgetfulness
May have a hard time learning new things

20
Q

Stage 2: Alzheimer’s

A

Confusion
Start to forget things they’ve known their whole life
— DOB, Phone number
Have labile emotions

21
Q

Stage 3: Alzheimer’s

A

Ambulatory
Can still walk
Wandering
Paranoia
Can’t identify people (no recogntion)
May urinate in public places

22
Q

Stage 4: Alzheimer’s

A

Can’t walk
Can’t talk
Can’t eat
Need total care
If died: might have been from choking

23
Q

Physical characteristics of autism

A

Banging head
Stimming
— finger flipping, hand flapping
Delayed speech
Decreased social interaction
Preservation
— focused on a certain subject & delayed in others
Strict routines
—don’t like change
—change can cause anxiety
Echolalia
— repeating words

24
Q

Disenfranchised grief

A

Grief that people usually keep to themselves
Person cannot openly talk about their grief/publicly mourn

Example: death of a pet or miscarriage, can also be death of a patient you cared for a long time

25
Q

Anticipatory grief

A

Death that was expected

Example: knowing someone is going to die, therefore anticipating the grief

26
Q

Fetishistic disorder

A

Recurrent intense arrousal from inanimate object or nongenital body part
Fetish becomes fetishistic disorder if it causes distress
Need specific item to achieve sexual desire

27
Q

Exhibitionistic

A

These people like to flash others
Want people to watch them
— this gets them sexually excited
Unable to function because of urges and fantasies

28
Q

Covert suicidal statement

A

Statement is indirect
General/hidden meaning

Examples: “It’s okay, soon everything will be fine”

29
Q

When is an advance directive used?

A

When someone cannot speak for themself or make decisions

Example:
living will
— statement of how and where someone wishes to die

Directive to physician
— allowing a doctor to make a decision to their care if incapacitated, just like a durable power of attorney but this is allowing a physician to do so

30
Q

Intermittent explosive disorder

A

Explosive behavior and angry outbursts

Example: road rage

31
Q

Nursing interventions for : intermittent explosive disorder

A

Helping them cope with behavior
Help them get stronger
Set limits on unacceptable behavior
— helps to decrease violence
Promoting social interaction