EXAM 2 FISHERIES Flashcards
What are the dynamic rate functions
- recruitment
- growth
- mortality
What is recruitment
the addition of new organisms to a population
environmental conditions strong influence recruitment
What is growth
the addition of biomass to an indivi
What is growth
the addition of biomass to an individual or population , accumulation of biomass increases body size with age
What is mortality
natural causes or harvest death
additive vs compensatory mortality
additive- total mortality increases with increases in harvest mortality
compensatory- natural mortality changes in response to harvest mortality such that total mortality stays the same
definition of standing crop
number of biomass present at a specific time
definition of production
biomass accumulated during a specific time interval
definition of surplus production
the portion which can be removed without adverse effects
definition of yield
biomass or numbers harvested
What are some of the applications in genetics
- management and conservation: population structure, parentage, sex termination, individual identification, propagation, tagging
- forensics : sale of illegal products
What is an allele and what are the two types
allele- alternative forms of a gene that occupy a specific locus
dominant allele- suppresses phenotypic expression of a recessive allele at the same locus
restive allele - is only expresses in homozygous individuals
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype
genotype- the entire set of genes carried by an organism
phenotype- physical expression of traits produced by the genotype and environment
Why is genetic diversity important
more potential for adaptation
what is phenotypic plasticity
the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to the environment
Stock VS Species
stock/strain- a population or group of populations within a species that have a common ancestor and are adapted to similar environments
species- a naturally occurring group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce viable offspring
What are the two modes of speciation, and which is more common
- allopatric- a population of species are separated by a boarder (mountain range, river) is most common
- sympatric- population of a species live next to each other but segregate for breeding
What is the definition of evolution
temporal change allele frequencies due to differential survival of offspring
What is natural selection
results in conformity between organisms and their environment (adaptation)
How is natural selection compared to artificial selection
artificial selection is selective breeding to produce human selected traits in offspring
