EXAM 1 WILDLIFE

Question 1

Era of Abundance

Answer 1

1600-1849 wildlife was extremely abundant. European settlers viewed wildlife as “commons”, lead to overexploitation

Question 2

Era of Overexploitation

Answer 2

1850-1899 many wildlife species became extinct or became gravely endangered from over harvesting

Question 3

Era of Protection

Answer 3

1900-1929 immediate response to overexploitation
introduced bag limits, regulations, artificial propaganda, predator control, and set aside reserves

Question 4

Era of Game Management

Answer 4

1930-1965 the control of harvest over game species
habitat manipulation, wildlife management as a career, scientific guidance

Question 5

Era of Envoirnmental Management

Answer 5

1965-NOW management and conservation of wildlife species and organisms
management across taxa, habitat and ecology, biodiversity, laws and regulations

Question 6

consumptive uses

Answer 6

removes wildlife from the wild
example: food and hunting

Question 7

non-consumptive uses

Answer 7

does not remove organisms from their habitat
example: bird watching and photography

Question 8

Proximate causes of behavior

Answer 8

neurological and physiological mechanisms

Question 9

ultimate causes of behavior

Answer 9

survival and reproductive benefits

Question 10

circadian

Answer 10

predictable behavior patterns that occur over the year

Question 11

circannual

Answer 11

predictable behavior patterns that occur over the year

Question 12

home range

Answer 12

area traveled during normal activities

Question 13

territory

Answer 13

portion of the home range that is defended against codpieces or similar species

Question 14

imprinting

Answer 14

association between early visual stimulus ad conspecific

Question 15

ethology

Answer 15

the study of animal behavior under natural conditions

Question 16

promiscuous

Answer 16

no pair bonds in response to mating and breeding

Question 17

polygyny

Answer 17

1 male mates with many females

Question 18

polyandry

Answer 18

1 female mates with many males

Question 19

innate behavior

Answer 19

genetically programed, taxis or reflex, not easily modified

Question 20

learned behavior

Answer 20

trial and error, easily modified

Question 21

imprinting in altricial and precocial species

Answer 21

learning which occurs during a critical period of time

Question 22

hierarchies

Answer 22

status systems in animal societies
fewer fights, less tension, lower energy loss

Question 23

altruism

Answer 23

care is costly, mother usually produces 1-2 young so she can provide easier

Question 24

kin selection

Answer 24

benefits relatives and justifies altruism

Question 25

benefits of flocking

Answer 25

detects predators, can confuse predators, feeding and nutrition advantages, synchronized breeding, facilitates movement

Question 26

Why do animals maintain territories?

Answer 26

territories are used for mating, nesting, feeding and loafing

Question 27

Kellert’s attitudes towards wildlife

Answer 27

1. naturalistic- wildlife and the out-of-doors
2. ecologistic- wildlife species and their habitat
3. humanistic- induvial animals either wild or as pets
4. Moralistic- concerned with ethical treatment of animals
5. Scientific- interested in physical and biological attributes
6. aesthetic- value animals for artistic or symbolic characteristics
7. utilitarian- interested in practical and material used of animals
8. Dominionistic- desire to master and control animals
9. negativistic- avoid animals due to indifference, fear, dislike, or superstition

Question 28

wolf hunt example

Answer 28

Wisconsin residents are split 49%-51% on wolf hunting. From the environmental management side there is nothing you can do to make both sides happy. Very few people are indifferent about this cause