Exam 2 - Erdman (Lecture 2 - FQs and macrolides) Flashcards
cephalosporin with the longest half-life
don’t need to change dose or avoid in kidney diseases
nafcillin
oxacillin
ceftriaxone
cefoperazone
only B-lactam without cross-reactivity
aztreonam
only cephalosporin to cover MRSA
ceftaroline
only cephalosporins that covers BDA and why
cephamycins: cefoxitin and cefotetan, methoxy group at C7
Cefiderocol acts as a _____, which uses _____ _____ _____
siderophere, iron transport mechanisms (trojan horse)
As you move down generations of cephalosporins (1–>4), you (gain/lose) activity against gram (-) and (gain/lose) activity against gram (+)
gain, lose
As you move down generations of cephalosporins (1–>4), you (gain/lose) B-lactamase stability
gain
which generation of cephalosporins has the best efficacy against gram positive aerobes?
1st
-great against MSSA and PSSP
1st gen cephalosporins cover what gram (-)
PEK
P. mirabilis
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
2 most important 1st gen cephalosporins to know
cefazolin
cephalexin
2nd gen cephalosporins (and really the only cephalosporins) that are active against BDA
cefoxitin
cefotetan
cefmetazole
2nd gen cephalosporins cover what gram (-)
PEK (+HEN)
H. influenzae
some Enterobacter spp.
Neisseria spp.
3 most important 2nd gen cephalosporins to know
cefuroxime (Kefurox, Zenacef)
cefprozil (Cefzil)
cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
best 2 drugs to use against PRSP
Ceftriaxone (best)
cefotaxime (2nd best)
3rd gen cephalosporins cover what gram (-)
HENPEK (+C SSS)
H
E
N
P
E
Citrobacter sp.
K
Serratia marcescens
Salmonella sp.
Shigella sp.
2 3rd gen cephalosporins that have activity against pseudomonas (although not used as much as 4th gen)
ceftazidime (most used)
cefoperazone
achilles heel of ceftriaxone
does not cover pseudomonas
3 most important 3rd gen cephalosporins to know
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
ceftazidime (Fortaz, Tazicef)
cefpodoxime (Vantin)
why 4th gen cephalosporins were created
to cover pseudomonas aeruginosa and B-lactamase producing Enterobacter spp.
-only cefepime is in this category currently
Anti-MRSA cephalosporin
Ceftaroline (Teflaro)
-only B-lactam to do so
-probably about 4th line in tx of MRSA
-does not cover pseudomonas
reason cefiderocol (Fetroja) was developed
to cover the multidrug resistant gram (-) organisms
-does not really have any clinically relevant gram (+) activity
