exam 2- EKG's

Question 1

what does the P wave represent on the EKG

Answer 1

atrial depol

Question 2

what does the QRS represent?

Answer 2

vetricular depol and atrial repolarisation

Question 3

what does the T wave represent?

Answer 3

ventricular repolarisation

Question 4

interval vs segment

Answer 4

• interval: includes the wave
  ex) PR interval includes P wave
• segment: btwn two wave
  ex) ST segment starts at end of S and ends at start of T

Question 5

placement of RA/LA lead

Answer 5

fleshy space underneath clavicle on right/left arm

Question 6

placement of RL/LL lead

Answer 6

mid clavicle beneath rib cage on right/left side

Question 7

pleacement of V1 lead

Answer 7

4th intercostal space just right of sternal border

Question 8

placement of V2 lead

Answer 8

4th intercostal space just left of sternal border

Question 9

placement of V3 lead

Answer 9

mid point btwn V2 and V4

Question 10

placement of V4 lead

Answer 10

mid clavicle in 5th intercostal space

Question 11

placement of V5 lead

Answer 11

anterior axillary line in line w/ V4

Question 12

placement of V6 lead

Answer 12

mid axillary line in line w/ V4 and V5

Question 13

what part of heart are we looking at in leads V1-3

Answer 13

anteroseptal

Question 14

what part of heart are we looking at for leads V3 and V4

Answer 14

local anterior

Question 15

what part of heart are we looking at for leads V4-V6, lead I, and aVL

Answer 15

anterolateral

Question 16

what part of heart are we looking at for leads V1-V6

Answer 16

extensive anterior

Question 17

what part of heart are we looking at for leads I and aVL

Answer 17

high lateral

Question 18

what part of heart are we looking at for leads II,III, aVF

Answer 18

inferior

Question 19

what part of heart are we looking at for leads V1 and V2

Answer 19

septal or posterior

Question 20

how much time does a small box and a large box represent on EKG

Answer 20

small: .04sec
large: .2 sec

Question 21

normal time for a P wave

Answer 21

< .11 sec

Question 22

normal time for PR interval

Answer 22

.12-.2 secs

Question 23

normal time for QRS

Answer 23

up to .1 sec

Question 24

normal heart rate

Answer 24

60-100bpm

Question 25

where is Lead I,II, and III positive

Answer 25

I: btwn RA and LA positive at LA II: btwn RA and LL (aVF) positive at LL III: btwn LA and LL positive at LL

Question 26

when will there be an upward deflection on the EKG

Answer 26

- pos wave (depol) flows towards positive electrode | - neg wave (repol) flows away from positive electrode

Question 27

when will there be an downward deflection on the EKG

Answer 27

- pos wave (depol) flows away from a positive electrode | - neg wave (repol) flows toward a positive electrode

Question 28

how to calculate rate using triplicare method

Answer 28

- find QRS that start on a thick line (starting pnt) - go to next QRS (ending pnt) - 300,150,100,75,60,50

Question 29

how to calculate rate using the six second method

Answer 29

count # of cycles in 6 sec strip | multiply by 10

Question 30

how to calculate rate using box method

Answer 30

300/# of big boxes btwn two R waves

Question 31

what is resiratory sinus arrythmia

Answer 31

- HR increases when you inhale | - parasympathetic system inhibited

Question 32

what is happening during premature atrial contraction

Answer 32

one etopic cell in atria fires early producing a single premature beat

Question 33

what does an EKG look like for PAC

Answer 33

rate: varies P wave: present, in PAC may be diff shape PRI: varies in PAC

Question 34

what is happening during supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 34

irritable focus in atria or AV node fires repetitively at a rapid rate and overrides SA node as pacemaker

Question 35

what does an EKG look like for SVT

Answer 35

rate: 100-180bpm P wave: morphology of etopic focus is different PRI: etopic focus has different interval

Question 36

what is happening during atrial flutter

Answer 36

a single etopic cell is producing a rapid repetitive rhythm within atria - overrides SA node - some signals get thru to AV some wont

Question 37

what does an EKG look like for atrial flutter

Answer 37

rate: a: 250-350bpm, v: 125-175bpm P wave: not present (will have F waves) PRI: not present

Question 38

what is happening during atrial fibrillation

Answer 38

multiple irritable foci within atria are sending impulses that are causing repeated, uncoordinated depols that override normal rhythm

Question 39

what does an EKG look like for atrial fibrillation

Answer 39

rate: variable P wave: none (F waves) PRI: none waves are very chaotic and un patterned

Question 40

what is happening during premature ventricular contraction

Answer 40

etopic focus within venticles fires early - produces a single premature beat - bypasses normal conduction pathways

Question 41

what does an EKG look like for PVC?

Answer 41

``` rate: varies P wave: not present during PVC PRI: not present during PVC QRS: wide during PVC will have " compensatory pause" after PVC ```

Question 42

what does an EKG look like for a 1st degree heart block

Answer 42

P wave: present PRI: > .2 dropped beat

Question 43

what does an EKG look like for 2nd degree heart block

Answer 43

PRI: gets longer and longer then there is a dropped beat

Question 44

what does an EKG look like for a 3rd degree heart block

Answer 44

rate: diff for atrial and vent | P and QRS rates are diff