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Cardiac Rehab > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

holter monitoring invasive or non invasive?

A

-monitor electrical activity -24-48 hours -non invasive

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1
Q

ankle brachial index invasive or non invasive?

A

-cuffs on ankle and arm -compare BP a ankle and arm -low index = narrowing/blockage -noninvasive

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2
Q

what was main idea about CR in 1950s

A

resotre functional capacity

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3
Q

S/S of stable angine

A

-pain -decline in ATP -diastolic relaxtion

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4
Q

compensated vs uncompensated vs intractable

A

-com: mechanism work -uncom: mecahnism dont work -intra: heart fails despite therapies

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4
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) invasive or noninvasive?

A

take healthy artery and connect it to bloacked artery to bypass bloacked portion -invasive

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5
Q

what was main idea about CR in 1980s

A

-more drug therapies -exercise at 50-70% VO2max for longer periods -resistance traning -AACVPR formed

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5
Q

why does stable angine occue

A

limited blood flow to one or mroe coronary arteries

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6
Q

how do you diagnose solent angina?

A

ST segment elevation or depression -there will be no S/S

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7
Q

how to diagnose stable angina

A

-stress test reveals chest pain -ST segment dperession or elevation -fall in BP due to reduced ventricular contractility

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7
Q

radionuclide stress testing invasive or noninvasive?

A

-inject radioactive isotope -obtain nuclearimages at rest and post exercise -look at RBCs -round is normal and irregular shape is a defect -invasive

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7
Q

what age must a client be to have age be counted as a risk factor?

A

male: at or above 45 female: at or above 55

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8
Q

what is the waist girth for obesity to be counted as risk factor?

A

male: >102cm female: >88cm

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9
Q

what are the S/S of chronic congestive heart failure

A

-rapid HR -pallor -disphoresis

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10
Q

what was main finding in 1800s about CR

A

-little known -starting cardiovasc research

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11
Q

when should you stop exercise with a patient in phase I of CR?

5 of them

A
  • HR >130 or >30 above pre exercise level
  • DBP at or above 110
  • decrease in SBP >10
  • signif ventric or artrial arrhythmias
  • 2nd or 3rd degree heart block
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12
Q

S/S of unstable angina

A
  • crescedo angina
  • angina w/ exertion
  • angina after recent MI
  • ST segment changes
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13
Q

progression of atherosclerosis

A
  • injury to blood vessel
  • dysfunction of endotherlium
  • fatty streaks form made from foam cells
  • LDL enters vessel and causes further damage
  • plaque starts to form
  • plaque:raised fibrous plaque with cap
  • will occlude artery more and more
  • cap from plaque can break off and cause clot
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14
Q

what was mina idea about CR in 1990s

A

-rehab open to more diseased condtions exercise and goals became more individ

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15
Q

treatment for an MI?

A

-rapid managment and re perfusion -prevent complications

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15
Q

when is it alright to progress with exercise with a “stable” patient during phase I or CR?

A
  • adequate HR increase
  • adequeate SBP rise
  • no new rhythm or ST changes
  • no cardiac symptoms
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16
Q

king of hearts invasive or noninvasive?

A

records when you have symptoms -non invasive

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17
Q

how does EECP relieve angine and degree of iscemia?

A

decreases afterload that heart has to pump againdt and increases preload that fill heart to increase CO

17
Q

medical stress test invasive or noninvasive

A

exercise for 10-15 min monitor BP and ECG -invasive

19
Q

how to diagnose unstable angina

A

-ST segment elevation -arrythmias,syncope, MI

20
Q

what is variant angina caused by -main contributor?

A

artery spasm -smoking/cocaine

21
Q

what was main idea about CR in 1960s

A

-exercise rehab began -emory university study=prevent de contioned response -started education and counseling of patients

21
Q

what age must a 1st degree relative be when died for fmaily history be counted as a risk factor?

A
  • male: before 55
  • female: before 65
23
Q

how do you diagnose an MI?

A
  • must have at least 2 of:
  • symptoms
  • serial serum enzymes
  • ECG changes
25
Q

what is the flow of blood in the body?

A

venacava ->RA->tricuspid valve->RV->pulmonary valve->lungs->pulmonary vein->LA->bicuspid valve ->LV->aorta

26
Q

what was main idea about CR in 1970s

A

-clinical trial of supervised exercise rehab -all studies showed decreased mortality

27
Q

treatment of stable angina

A

-rest 5-10min -risk facto managment

29
Q

what are the contributors to mycarial infraction? 4 of them

A
  • atherosclerosis
  • thrombus
  • arterial spasm
  • hypovelmic shock
30
Q

what must IFG or IGT be for prediabetes to be counted

A

-IFG: at or above 100 IGT: at or above 140

31
Q
  • cardiac catherization
  • coronary angiogram
  • electrophysiology study

invasive or noninvasive?

A
  • CC: catheter threaded to heart
  • identify location and size of fat deposits
  • CA: checks arteries for atherosclerosis
  • E:inject current to provoke arrythmias
33
Q

treatment of unstable angina

A

drugs and/or surgery

34
Q

what is congestive heart failure

A

inability to maintain CO

36
Q

what is: -ventricular tachycardia -ventricular fibrillation -super ventricular tachycardia

A

-VT: heart beats too fast -VF: cell in vetricle are spazing -SVT: originates within ventricle tissue

37
Q

echocardiogram noninvasive or invasive?

A

-use sound waves to create moving image or heart noninvasive

38
Q

what was main idea about Cr in 2000s

A
  • decrease morbidity and mortality
  • focus more on risk factor reduction
  • independent living
  • education and counseling
39
Q

restin electrocardio gram invasive or non invasive?

A

-looking at electric signals of heart -non invasive

40
Q

stress exercise tolerance test non invasive or invasive?

A

-looks at hearts response to exercise noninvasive

42
Q

treatment of variant angina

A

drugs to control symptoms and inhibit thrombosis formation

43
Q

S/S of variant angina

A

-occurs at rest -at morning or night

44
Q

what are the S/S of acute congestive heart failure

A
  • dyspnea at rest
  • orthopnea
  • pulmonary congestion
  • edema
45
Q

enhance external counterpulsation (EECP)

A
  • cuffs on calves,lower and upper thigh
  • inflate cuffs at begin of diastole and deflate at begin of sytole
  • helps releieve angina (last resort)
  • non invasive
47
Q

contributors to CVD 9 of them

A

-heredity -smoking -HTN -diabetes -high chol -age -endotherlial injury -chemical trauma -hormonal

48
Q

in phase I of CR what constitutes a “stable” patient

4 things

A
  • no new/recurrent CP in 8 hrs
  • no rise in blood markers
  • no signs of uncompensated failure
  • no new signif abnormal rhythm or EKG changes in past 8 hours
49
Q

ventricular assit device (VAD) invasive or noninvasive?

A

mechaincally pumps blood -used when dysfuntion to 1 or both ventricles -invasive

50
Q

what are the numbers for dyslipidemia to be counted as a risk factor?

A

LDL: at or above 130

HDL: <40

NEG IF HDL at or above 60

51
Q

why does variant angina occur?

A

artery becomes abnormally reactive to vasoconstricting agents -not caused by atherosclerosis

52
Q

why does unstable angine occur

A

occlusion of artery but not full occlusion (that would be MI)

53
Q

what types of heart damage can occur? 3 of them

A
  • mitral valave insufficiceny
  • intraventricular septal rupture
  • ventricular aneurysm
54
Q

automatic implatabel cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) invasive or noninvasive?

A

-delivers internal shock to heart during abnormal rhythm -invasive

55
Q

how to reduce risk of HTN

A
  • attain recommended body fat levels
  • limit alcohol intake
  • exercise regularly
  • reduce sodium/ saturated fat/ cholesterol intake
  • stop smoking
56
Q

how to manage choelsterol levels

A
  • diestary control
  • body fat control
  • increase PA
  • medication
57
Q

exercise and diabetes

A
  • improve inculsin sensitivity
  • promote fat loss
  • improve fat loss
  • improve peripheral hemodynamic function
  • insulin like effect on body

Cardiac Rehab (10 decks)

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