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Physiology I > Exam #2: EKG > Flashcards

Exam #2: EKG Flashcards

1
Q

What do waves represent?

A

Atrial and ventricular depolarization and repolarization

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2
Q

What does a positive deflection represent?

A

Depolarization

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3
Q

What does a negative deflection represent?

A

Repolarization

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4
Q

What does the P wave represent?

A

Depolarization of both atria

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5
Q

What does the PR interval represent?

A

Atrial depolarization + AV node delay

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6
Q

What does the PR segment represent?

A

AV node delay

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7
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

Depolarization of both ventricles

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8
Q

What does the ST segment represent?

A

Ventricle contraction and emptying (plateau phase)

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9
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Repolarization of both ventricles

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10
Q

What does the QT interval represent?

A

Ventricular AP (depolarization AND repolarization)

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11
Q

What does the TP interval represent?

A

Time between end of T wave and start of next P wave – ventricles relaxing and filling

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12
Q

What does the PP internal represent?

A

Atria to atria

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13
Q

What does the RR internal represent?

A

Ventricle to ventricle

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14
Q

What might an inverted T wave represent?

A

LV hypertrophy

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15
Q

What might a peaked T wave represent?

A

Hyperkalemia

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16
Q

What might a flat T wave represent?

A

Hypokalemia

17
Q

For what two events are there no waves?

A
  • Atrial repolarization

- SA or AV node depolarization

18
Q

What component of the EKG is very dependent on heart rate? What would cause a shortened QT interval?

A

QT interval

- Inverse relationship, so a shortened QT interval is due to an increased heart rate (more contractions)

19
Q

What does one small box on the x-axis represent? What does one large box on the x-axis represent?

A

Small: 1 mm = 0.04 seconds of time

Large: 5 mm = 0.20 seconds of time
- 5 large boxes = 1 second

20
Q

How do you calculate heart rate using EKG measurements?

A

Rate (bpm) = beats per 6 seconds x 10

- 6 seconds = 30 large boxes

21
Q

What are the three causes of LAD?

A
  • LV hypertrophy
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
22
Q

What are the three causes of RAD?

A
  • RV hypertrophy
  • LV infarct
  • Tall, thin body type
23
Q

What does a first degree AV block mean? Electrically, what is this due to?

A

Prolonged PR interval greater than 200 ms

- Due to slowed conduction through AV node/Bundle of His

24
Q

What does a second degree AV block mean? Electrically, what is this due to?

A

Not every P wave is followed by a QRS complex

- Partial dissociation of atria and ventricles

25
Q

What does a third degree AV block mean? Electrically, what is this due to?

A

P and QRS act independent of one another

- Complete dissociation of atria and ventricles with no conduction through the AV node

Physiology I (9 decks)

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