Exam #2: ANS

Question 1

What type of preganglionic fibers does the SNS have? (think length and receptor type)

Answer 1

Short cholinergic preganglionic

Question 2

What type of postganglionic fibers does the SNS have (2)? (think length and receptor type)

Answer 2

• Long adrenergic postganglionic

- Long cholinergic postganglionic

Question 3

What type of preganglionic fibers does the PNS have? (think length and receptor type)

Answer 3

Long cholinergic preganglionic

Question 4

What type of postganglionic fibers does the PNS have? (think length and receptor type)

Answer 4

Short cholinergic postganglionic

Question 5

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors? What is the neurotransmitter released by these receptors?

Answer 5

ACh is released by:

• Nicotinic receptors
• Muscarinic receptors

Question 6

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors? What is the neurotransmitter released by these receptors?

Answer 6

NE or Epi is released by:

• Alpha receptors
• Beta receptors

Question 7

What type of pathway only involves one ganglion (preganglionic)? Why is this?

Answer 7

Adrenal Medulla

- Nicotinic receptors are found directly on the Adrenal Medulla surface

Question 8

What type of receptor is used by the Adrenal Medulla? Where is the neurotransmitter released to?

Answer 8

Nicotinic

- Epi (and some NE) are released directly into circulation

Question 9

What type of organ is innervated only by sympathetic cholinergic nerves?

Answer 9

Sweat glands

Question 10

What are three examples of cooperative effects of the SNS and PNS?

Answer 10

• Salivary glands
• Lacrimal glands
• Sexual response (male)

Question 11

What is cooperative effects?

Answer 11

SNS and PNS promote the same goal

Question 12

What is the effect seen with most organs in regards to SNS and PNS relationship?

Answer 12

Reciprocal effect: produce opposite effects (one system inhibits while the other stimulates)

Question 13

When SNS is acting on the bladder, what is occurring? What is the state of the detrusor muscle and the internal sphincter?

Answer 13

SNS = bladder filling

• Detrusor: relaxed
• Internal sphincter: contracted

Question 14

When PNS is acting on the bladder, what is occurring? What is the state of the detrusor muscle and the internal sphincter?

Answer 14

PNS = bladder emptying

• Detrusor: contracted
• Internal sphincter: relaxed

Question 15

With SNS stimulation of the heart, how is the depolarization rate affected?

Answer 15

Increased depolarization (more rapid depolarization)

Question 16

With PNS stimulation of the heart, how is the depolarization rate affected?

Answer 16

Decreased depolarization (slower depolarization)

Question 17

At rest, what NS dominates in the heart? How does this affect heart rate?

Answer 17

PNS dominates over SNS

- HR is kept slightly lower than if the two were balanced

Question 18

What is an autonomic agonist?

Answer 18

Binds to same receptor as neurotransmitter

- Elicits an effect that mimics neurotransmitter’s (similar response)

Question 19

What is an autonomic antagonist?

Answer 19

Binds with receptor

- Blocks neurotransmitter’s response (no response)