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Patho Pharm 3 > Exam #2 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam #2 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of pancrelipase?

A

to replace pancreatic enzymes in individuals with chronic pancreatitis

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2
Q

When should you give pancrelipase?

A

with every meal and snack a patient consumes

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the drug Interferon 1a/b?

A

It inhibits pro-inflammatory White blood cells from crossing the Blood Brain Barrier

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4
Q

How does Interferon 1a/b affect those with MS?

A

reduces relapse by 30%

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5
Q

What patient education would you provide for an individual newly prescribed the drug Interferon 1a/b?

A

You will have to have IM injections of the drug weekly

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6
Q

which adverse effects would you expect to see in someone taking Interferon 1a/b?

A

sore throat, cough, fever (flu-like), liver toxicity, bone marrow suppression, depression, and various drug interactions

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the drug Glatiramer Acetate?

A

It increases the production of Anti-inflammatory T-cells which cross the blood-brain barrier and suppresses the anti-inflammatory responses

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8
Q

What patient education would you provide for an individual newly prescribed the drug Glatiramer Acetate?

A

You will have to have IM injections of the drug weekly

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9
Q

which adverse effects would you expect to see in someone taking Glatiramer acetate?

A

injection site reactions such as redness and swelling and post-injection rxns. such as flushing, palpitations, rash, and cheat pain

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10
Q

What adverse effect of Glatiramer acetate would require immediate intervention by the nurse?

A

laryngeal constriction

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11
Q

Which oral MS medication is used for relaxing-remitting multiple sclerosis?

A

Fingolimod

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the oral drug Fingolimod?

A

it retains lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, preventing them from crossing the blood-brain barrier which decreases inflammation

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13
Q

What is thought to happen in the body when a patient is given oral Dimethyl Fumarate?

A

thought to inhibit immune cells and anti-oxidant properties

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14
Q

How and why is natalizumab given?

A

as an IV infusion monotherapy for Multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the drug Natalizumab?

A

prevents circulating T-cells from leaving the vasculature and crossing the blood-brain barrier

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16
Q

What adverse effect of Natalizumab causes it to be on the “TOUCH” protocol?

A

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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17
Q

What is Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy?

A

a neurological disorder characterized by destruction of cells that produce myelin, an oily substance that helps protect nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, also known as central nervous system (CNS) white matter.

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18
Q

What other adverse effects of Natalizumab can you expect?

A

H/A, fatigue, hepatotoxicity, and hypersensitivity rxns.

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19
Q

What is Rizuole used to treat?

A

ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)

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20
Q

How does Rizuole treat ALS?

A

It is a glutamate inhibitor that blocks receptor sites which results in a decreased amount of glutamate and a reduction of motor neuron damage

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21
Q

Can Rizuole lengthen the life expectancy of those with ALS (3 years)?

A

yes

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22
Q

What adverse effects can you expect with Rizuole?

A

dizziness, GI upset, and hepatotoxicty

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23
Q

What is the combo of levodopa and carbidopa used for and why is it effective?

A

Used for Parkinson’s Disease since levodopa converts into dopamine in the body and the carbidopa prevents destruction of this levodopa

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24
Q

How effective is levodopa/carbidopa on Parkinson’s Disease?

A

it is the most effective but takes a few months to work and the drug gradually wears off after a while

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25
What is the on/off phenomenon?
when there is a abrupt loss of affect on PD symptoms with the drug Levodopa/Carbidopa
26
What decreases the effectiveness of levodopa/carbidopa?
Vitamin B6, antipsychotics, and protein (food)
27
What increases the effectiveness of levodopa/carbidopa?
Carbidopa, Anticholinergics (atropine, and MAOI's (can cause toxicity)
28
What are the adverse effects of levodopa/carbidopa that you should educate your patient on?
Nausea and vomiting, dyskinesias, psychosis, dysrhythmias, postural hypotension, dark sweat + urine, can reactivate old malignant melanomas
29
What is Duopa?
Levodopa/carbidopa that is given in a J-Tube
30
What should you educate your patient on who is receiving Duopa in their J-Tube?
do not take anti-hypertensives, MAOIs, protein, iron, vitamins, antipsychotics, metoclopramide, or isoniazid while taking this drug
31
What adverse effects can you expect with Duopa?
sleep attacks, unusual urges, dyskinesias, depression, hallucinations, orthostatic HOTN
32
How does pramipexole work for those with Parkinson's Disease?
It acts as a dopamine receptor agonist to increase the amount of dopamine in the body
33
Why would an individual receive pramipexole?
if they are on levodopa, got diagnosed with PD early in life, or if they have restless leg syndrome
34
What adverse effects can you expect with pramipexole?
sleep attacks, gambling, compulsiveness, and nausea
35
What kind of Parkinson's Disease would require ropinirole?
idiopathic Parkinson's disease and acts as a dopamine receptor agonist
36
What adverse effects can you expect with Ropinirole?
sleep attacks, gambling, compulsiveness, nausea, Diabetes Mellitus, Acromegaly
37
Why are MAO-B inhibitors used for Parkinson's Disease?
it inhibits monoamine oxidase from degrading dopamine in the body
38
What disorder is Neostigmine indicated for?
Myasthenia Gravis
39
What is the mechanism of action for Neostigmine?
Inhibits the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase at sites of cholinergic transmission. It enhances cholinergic action by facilitating the transmission of impulses across neuromuscular junctions; prevents acetylcholine INactivation
40
What are the muscarinic effects of Neostigmine?
increased mouth secretions, increased GI motility, diarrhea, bronchial constriction, urinary urgency, bradycardia, miosis (constriction of eyes), near-sightedness
41
What drug class is Neostigmine?
cholinergic drug
42
What drug class is Atropine?
anti-cholinergic drug
43
What are the neuromuscular effects of Neostigmine?
increased muscle contraction
44
what happens with a toxic dose of neostigmine?
decreased muscle contraction
45
What is a cholinergic crisis?
extreme muscle weakness or paralysis that occurs with excessive muscarinic effects
46
how would the nurse treat a cholinergic crisis?
ventilator and intubation, Med-Alert bracelet, or atropine
47
What are the bodily effects of atropine?
decreased GI motility, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, tachycardia, bronchodilation, and mydriasis
48
What is demeclocycline used for?
Syndrome of Inappropriate AntiDiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
49
What kind of drug is demeclocycline?
TCA broad-spectrum antibiotic
50
How does demeclocycline work?
interferes wuth renal ADH response
51
What are the major adverse effects of demeclocycline?
TEETH STAINING, photosensitivity, and nephrotoxicity
52
When is the use of Desmopressin (DDAVP) indicated?
in Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus where there is no ADH (excessive peeing)
53
What is Desmopressin used for in Diabetes Insipidus?
used as a synthetic ADH replacement
54
What routes can you give Desmopressin?
nasal spray, PO, IV, SQ
55
What effects of desmopressin would you expect to see with the nasal spray?
nasal irritation
56
What effects of desmopressin would you expect if it is given in large doses?
hyponatremia and water intoxication
57
What disorder is aminoglutethimide used for?
Cushing Syndrome (hypercortisolism)
58
What is the mechanism of action of aminoglutethimide?
temporarily decreases cortisol production and blocks the synthesis of ALL adrenal steroids
59
What are some adverse effects of aminoglutethimide?
drowsiness, nausea, anorexia, and a rash
60
How much does aminoglutethimide lower cortisol levels?
50%
61
Why is ketoconazole given to individuals who have Cushing Syndrome?
this antifungal inhibits glucocorticoid (cortisol) synthesis and is given alongside surgical interventions
62
What education should you give to patients prescribed ketoconazole?
it can have toxic liver effects so you cannot take it with alcohol or if you are pregnant
63
When is the use of Phenobenzamine HCl indicated?
it is indicated for those with pheochromocytoma
64
What is the mechanism of action for Phenoxyxybenzamine HCl?
a long-lasting and irreversible blockage of alpha receptors to lower blood pressure
65
What are the possible adverse effects of Phenoxybenzamine HCl?
orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nasal congestion, and sexual side effects in men
66
What is levothyroxine used for?
hypothyroidism (high TSH, low T3 and T4)
67
What is the mechanism of action of levothyroxine?
it is a synthetic T4 hormone that is converted to T3 in the body
68
is the half-life of levothyroxine?
7 days
69
What is propylthiouracil used for?
hyperthyroidism (low TSH, High T3 and T3)/Grave's Disease
70
What is the mechanism of action of propylthiouracil?
it is an antithyroid hormone that blocks thyroid hormone synthesis of T3 and T4
71
What are the warnings associated with propylthiouracil?
can cause hepatotoxicity and should be used with caution in the 1st trimester of pregnancy
72
what drugs can be given for multiple sclerosis?
Interferon beta 1a/b, Glatiramer Acetate, Fingolimid, Dimetyl fumarate, Natlizamab
73
What is the only approved drug for ALS?
Riluzole
74
Which drugs can be given for Parkinson's Disease?
Levodopa/carbidopa, Duopa, Pramipexole, Ropinirole, MAO-B inhibitors
75
What drug can be given for Myasthenia Gravis?
Neostigmine
76
What drug can be given for SIADH?
Demelocycline
77
What drug can be given for Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
Desmopressin
78
What drug can be given for Cushing Syndrome?
Aminoglutethimide and Ketoconazole
79
What drug can be given for Pheochromocytoma?
Phenoxybenzamine HCl
80
What drug can be given for hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine
81
What drug can be given for Hyperthyroidism/Grave's Disease?
Propylthiouracil
82
What drug can be given for Hypoparathyroidism?
replacement PTH, Calcium, and VItamin D
83
What drug can be given for Hyperparathyroidism?
diuretics, calcitonin

Patho Pharm 3 (10 decks)

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