Antidiuretic hormone disorders (ADH) Flashcards
What disorder is characterized by HIGH ADH?
SIADH
What disorder is characterized by LOW ADH?
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
What happens in SIADH?
abnormal production or sustained ADH secretion causing fluid retention in the body.
What causes SIADH?
malignant tumors, CNS disorders such as stroke and head trauma, drug therapy such as morphine or SSRIs, hypothyroidism, and infection
Increased ADH causes…
Water reabsorption
Water Reabsorption causes…
increased intravascular fluid volume
Increased intravascular volume causes…
dilutional hyponatremia and lowered serum osmolality
Weight gain occurs in which disorder?
SIADH
Weight loss occurs in which disorder?
Diabetes Insipidus
Low serum osmolality, sodium, and urine output are characteristic of which disorder?
SIADH
High serum osmolality, sodium, and urine output are characteristic of which disorder?
Diabetes Insipidus
High urine osmolality and specific gravity are characteristic of which disorder?
SIADH
Low urine osmolality and specific gravity are characteristic of which disorder?
Diabetes Insipidus
Signs and symptoms of SIADH are associated with which electrolyte deficiency?
Hyponatremia
Clinical manifestations of SIADH/Hyponatremia include?
dyspnea, fatigue, decreased senses, confusion, lethargy, convulsions, muscle twitching, impaired taste, anorexia, vomiting, and cramps
Which sodium level can cause irreversible neuro damage?
<100-115
What is the first-line treatment for SIADH?
treat the underlying cause
What happens in Diabetes Insipidus?
excessive water loss in the urine causing hyponatremia and decreased intravascular volume
What is Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
ADH deficiency caused by hypothalamus or posterior pituitary damage associated with stroke, TBI, brain surgery, and brain infections
What is the onset of neurogenic DI like?
sudden onset and usually permanent
What is the onset of nephrogenic DI like?
slow onset and progressive
What is Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
loss of kidney function often associated with lithium or chronic kidney disease
How will Diabetes Isnipidus manifest as?
polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and possible hypovolemic shock
What is the neurogenic DI treatment?
Desmopressin (synthetic ADH replacement)
