Exam 2 - Current Topics in Pt Safety

Question 1

A study found at least ___ main issues affecting pt safety in the workplace

Answer 1

7

Question 2

What are the 7 main issues affecting pt safety in the workplace?

Answer 2

Fatigue
Stress
Interruptions
Workload
Lack of organizational supervision
Lack of task standardization
Communication

Question 3

Who is included in “staffing?”

Answer 3

Pharmacists
Techs
Interns
Clerks
Supervisors/managers

Question 4

ASHP survey in 2021 noted at least ___% turnover rates of health system techs

Answer 4

21%

Question 5

ASHP 2021 survey said that nearly 1 in 10 hospitals noted having lost ___% or more of their techs

Answer 5

41%

Question 6

In the 2022 ASHP study with more than 5000 techs, what did they find is desired to recruit/retain techs?

Answer 6

Higher pay
Employers offer retention bonuses
Career ladders & clear path to promotion

Question 7

What did techs say were there top reasons to stay in the field?

Answer 7

Desire to help pts
Supervising pharmacists

Question 8

What is a Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS)?

Answer 8

Broad human error framework that was originally used by the USAF to investigate & analyze human factors aspects of aviation

Question 9

What are the 4 levels of failure?

Answer 9

1. Unsafe acts of operators
2. Preconditions for unsafe acts
3. Unsafe supervision
4. Organizational influences

Question 10

What is included in organizational influences?

Answer 10

Resource management
Organizational climate
Organizational process

Question 11

What is included in unsafe supervisions?

Answer 11

Inadequate supervision
Planned inappropriate operations
Failed to correct problem
Supervisory violations

Question 12

What is included in preconditions for unsafe acts?

Answer 12

Environmental factors
Condition of operators
Personnel factors

Question 13

Environmental factors

Answer 13

Physical environment
Technological environment

Question 14

Condition of operators

Answer 14

Adverse mental state
Adverse physiological state
Physical/mental limitations

Question 15

Personnel factors

Answer 15

Crew resource management
Personal readiness

Question 16

What is included in unsafe acts?

Answer 16

Errors
Violation

Question 17

Errors

Answer 17

Decision errors
Skill-based errors
Perceptual errors

Question 18

Violations

Answer 18

Routine
Exceptional

Question 19

What are skill based errors?

Answer 19

Lack of attention
Checklist error
Negative habit
Etc

Question 20

What are decision errors?

Answer 20

Inappropriate procedure

Exceeded ability

Behavior of operator proceed as intended but still results in unsafe situation

Question 21

What are perceptual errors?

Answer 21

Operators sensory input is degraded and decision is made on faulty info

Question 22

What are routine violations?

Answer 22

Habitual action by operator (and tolerated by governing authority)

Question 23

What are exceptional violations?

Answer 23

Not typical of individual or condoned by management (isolated event)

Question 24

What is resource management?

Answer 24

Allocation and maintenance of assets (human resources, budgets, equipment, etc)

Question 25

What is organizational climate?

Answer 25

Atmosphere within organization (structure, policies, etc)

Question 26

What is operational process?

Answer 26

Organizational decisions and rules that govern everyday practice (operations, procedures, oversight, etc)

Question 27

What are the key performance indicators (quotas) for health systems?

Answer 27

Medication reconciliation on admission

Pharmaceutical care plan

Drug therapy problems

Interprofessional pt care rounds

Patient education during hospital stay

Patient education at discharge

Medication reconciliation at discharge

Bundled pt care interventions

Question 28

Medication reconciliation on admission

Answer 28

Proportion of pts who receive documented admission medication reconciliation (as well as resolution of identified discrepancies) performed by a pharmacist

Question 29

Pharmaceutical care plan

Answer 29

Proportion of patients for whom pharmacists have developed/initiated a pharmaceutical care plan

Question 30

Drug therapy problems

Answer 30

Number of drug therapy problems addressed by a pharmacist per admission

Question 31

Interprofessional pt care rounds

Answer 31

Proportion of pts for whom pharmacists participate in interprofessional pt care rounds to improve medication management

Question 32

Pt education during hospital stay

Answer 32

Proportion of pts who receive education from a pharmacist about their disease(s) and med(s) during their hospital stay

Question 33

Pt education at discharge

Answer 33

Proportion of pts who receive documented discharge med reconciliation and resolution of identified discrepancies by a pharmacist

Question 34

Bundled pt care interventions

Answer 34

Proportion of patients who receive comprehensive direct pt care from a pharmacist working in collaboration w/ the healthcare team

Question 35

Community pharmacy metrics

Answer 35

Prescription volume
Services offered
Vaccines administered

Question 36

What is the MAX tech to pharmacist ratio allowed by WV law. Who is this enforced by?

Answer 36

6:1
Enforced by PIC

Question 37

Do interns count in the ratio of techs to pharmacists?

Question 38

What is the whistleblower law?

Answer 38

Prohibits employers from retaliating against employee who reports wrongdoing in the workplace