Exam 2 - Asynchronous Day - Both Articles Flashcards
What are health and healthcare disparities?
Differences in health and healthcare between groups stemming from broader inequities
How does Healthy People 2030 define health disparity?
A particular type of health difference that is linked w/ social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage, and that adversely affects groups of people who have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health
How does the CDC define health disparity?
Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or in opportunities to achieve optimal health experienced by socially disadvantaged racial, ethnic, and other population groups & committees
What is a healthcare disparity?
Differences between groups in health insurance coverage, affordability, access to and use of care, and quality of care
What is the CDC’s definition of racism?
Structures, policies, practices, and norms that assign value and determine opportunities based on the way people look or the color of their skin
What is health equity?
Individuals achieving their highest level of health through the elimination of disparities in health and healthcare
What are the primary drivers of health outcomes?
Health behaviors and social & economic factors
Often referred to as social determinants of health
What is the impact of racism on health?
It negatively affects mental and physical health both directly and by creating inequities across social determinants of health
What are some dimensions across which health disparities occur? (Like what factors are they based on)
Socioeconomic status
Age
Geography
Language
Gender
Disability status
Citizenship status
Sexual identity/orientation
What are some federally designated priority populations experiencing health disparities?
Black people
Latino people
Indigenous people
Asian Americans
Pacific islanders
POC
LGBT+
Religious minorities
People w/ disabilities
People who live in rural areas
People otherwise adversely affected by persistent poverty or inequality
Why is it important to address health disparities from an equity standpoint?
People of color and other underserved groups experience higher rates of illness and death across a wide range of health conditions, limiting the overall health of the nation
What is the economic impact of health disparities?
- Costly
- Result in excess medical care costs
- Lost productivity
- Additional loss due to premature death each year
Why is addressing health disparities increasingly important today?
The population is becoming more diverse, and income inequality continues to grow
When did major recognition of health disparities begin?
More than 30 years ago w/ the Report of the Secretary’s Task Force on Black and Minority health (Heckler Report) in 1985
What did the IOM’s 2003 report identify as a major cause of health disparities in the US?
Systemic racism
Despite improvements in population health over time, what has happened to many disparities?
They have persisted
In some cases, they have widened over time
Despite gains in coverage since the ACA, which groups remain more likely to be uninsured?
People of color and other marginalized and underserved groups
What are some barriers to enrollment in health coverage faced by eligible individuals?
Confusion about eligibility policies
Difficulty navigating the enrollment processes
Language and literacy problems
What are some reasons some immigrants may be reluctant to enroll in public health coverage programs?
Immigration-related fears
Beyond coverage, what kind of disparities do POCs and marginalized groups experience in healthcare?
Disparities in accessing and receiving care
What are some examples of health disparities in outcomes?
Differences in life expectancy
Infant mortality rates
Pregnancy-related mortality
Chronic disease rates
Cancer mortality
How has the COVID pandemic affected health disparities?
It has taken a disproportionate toll on the health and well-being of POCs and other underserved groups
What has contributed to heightened awareness and focus on addressing health disparities in recent years?
The disparate impacts of covid and the coinciding racial reckoning following George Floyd’s murder
What were some key focuses of President Biden’s executive orders on health equity?
Advancing health equity as a priority for the federal government, particularly in pandemic response and recovery efforts
