Exam 2 - Asynchronous Day - Both Articles

Question 1

What are health and healthcare disparities?

Answer 1

Differences in health and healthcare between groups stemming from broader inequities

Question 2

How does Healthy People 2030 define health disparity?

Answer 2

A particular type of health difference that is linked w/ social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage, and that adversely affects groups of people who have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health

Question 3

How does the CDC define health disparity?

Answer 3

Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or in opportunities to achieve optimal health experienced by socially disadvantaged racial, ethnic, and other population groups & committees

Question 4

What is a healthcare disparity?

Answer 4

Differences between groups in health insurance coverage, affordability, access to and use of care, and quality of care

Question 5

What is the CDC’s definition of racism?

Answer 5

Structures, policies, practices, and norms that assign value and determine opportunities based on the way people look or the color of their skin

Question 6

What is health equity?

Answer 6

Individuals achieving their highest level of health through the elimination of disparities in health and healthcare

Question 7

What are the primary drivers of health outcomes?

Answer 7

Health behaviors and social & economic factors

Often referred to as social determinants of health

Question 8

What is the impact of racism on health?

Answer 8

It negatively affects mental and physical health both directly and by creating inequities across social determinants of health

Question 9

What are some dimensions across which health disparities occur? (Like what factors are they based on)

Answer 9

Socioeconomic status
Age
Geography
Language
Gender
Disability status
Citizenship status
Sexual identity/orientation

Question 10

What are some federally designated priority populations experiencing health disparities?

Answer 10

Black people
Latino people
Indigenous people
Asian Americans
Pacific islanders
POC
LGBT+
Religious minorities
People w/ disabilities
People who live in rural areas

People otherwise adversely affected by persistent poverty or inequality

Question 11

Why is it important to address health disparities from an equity standpoint?

Answer 11

People of color and other underserved groups experience higher rates of illness and death across a wide range of health conditions, limiting the overall health of the nation

Question 12

What is the economic impact of health disparities?

Answer 12

• Costly
• Result in excess medical care costs
• Lost productivity
• Additional loss due to premature death each year

Question 13

Why is addressing health disparities increasingly important today?

Answer 13

The population is becoming more diverse, and income inequality continues to grow

Question 14

When did major recognition of health disparities begin?

Answer 14

More than 30 years ago w/ the Report of the Secretary’s Task Force on Black and Minority health (Heckler Report) in 1985

Question 15

What did the IOM’s 2003 report identify as a major cause of health disparities in the US?

Answer 15

Systemic racism

Question 16

Despite improvements in population health over time, what has happened to many disparities?

Answer 16

They have persisted

In some cases, they have widened over time

Question 17

Despite gains in coverage since the ACA, which groups remain more likely to be uninsured?

Answer 17

People of color and other marginalized and underserved groups

Question 18

What are some barriers to enrollment in health coverage faced by eligible individuals?

Answer 18

Confusion about eligibility policies

Difficulty navigating the enrollment processes

Language and literacy problems

Question 19

What are some reasons some immigrants may be reluctant to enroll in public health coverage programs?

Answer 19

Immigration-related fears

Question 20

Beyond coverage, what kind of disparities do POCs and marginalized groups experience in healthcare?

Answer 20

Disparities in accessing and receiving care

Question 21

What are some examples of health disparities in outcomes?

Answer 21

Differences in life expectancy
Infant mortality rates
Pregnancy-related mortality
Chronic disease rates
Cancer mortality

Question 22

How has the COVID pandemic affected health disparities?

Answer 22

It has taken a disproportionate toll on the health and well-being of POCs and other underserved groups

Question 23

What has contributed to heightened awareness and focus on addressing health disparities in recent years?

Answer 23

The disparate impacts of covid and the coinciding racial reckoning following George Floyd’s murder

Question 24

What were some key focuses of President Biden’s executive orders on health equity?

Answer 24

Advancing health equity as a priority for the federal government, particularly in pandemic response and recovery efforts