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NU-110 > Exam 2 Condensed Full Overview > Flashcards

Exam 2 Condensed Full Overview Flashcards

1
Q

The outermost portion of the skin, which is subdivided into thin layers

A

Epidermis

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2
Q

Deeper part of the skin

A

Dermis

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3
Q

Layer under the skin

A

Subcutaneous layer

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4
Q

Saclike structure and their oily secretion

A

Sebaceous glands

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5
Q

Oily secretion that lubricates the skin and hair and prevents drying

A

Sebum

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6
Q

Skin gland that produces perspiration; sudoriferous gland

A

Sweat gland

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7
Q

Sweat gland that regulates body temperature and vent sweat directly to the surface of the skin through a pore

A

Eccrine

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8
Q

Glands that become active during puberty and release their secretions through the hair follicles in response to emotional stress and sexual stimulation

A

Apocrine

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9
Q

Dark pigment found in the skin

A

Melanin

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10
Q

Yellowish skin pigment

A

Carotene

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11
Q

End of a long bone

A

Proximal and distal epiphysis

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12
Q

Shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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13
Q

First seven vertebrae (C1-C7)

A

Cervical vertebrae

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14
Q

Vertebrae 8-19 (T1-T12)

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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15
Q

Vertebrae 13-24 (L1-L5)

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q

Second to last vertebrae

A

Sacral vertebrae; sacrum

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17
Q

Last vertebrae; tailbone

A

Coccygeal vertebrae; coccyx

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18
Q

First seven pairs of ribs attached directly to the sternum

A

True ribs

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19
Q

The 8th, 9th, and 10th pair of ribs attached to the cartilage of the rib above

A

False ribs

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20
Q

The last two pair of ribs with no anterior attachment

A

Floating ribs

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21
Q

Breastbone

A

Sternum

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22
Q

The inferior end of the sternum made of cartilage

A

Xiphoid process

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23
Q

Immovable joint

A

Synarthrosis

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24
Q

Slightly movable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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25
Q

Freely movable joints

A

Diarthrosis

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26
Q

Bending motion that decreases the angle between bones away from the anatomic position

A

Flexion

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27
Q

Bends the foot upward at the ankle

A

Dorsiflexion

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28
Q

Bends the foot so that the toes point downward

A

Plantar flexion

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29
Q

Straightening motion that increases the angle between bones and returns the joint toward the anatomic position

A

Extension

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30
Q

Movement away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

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31
Q

Movement toward the midline of the body

A

Adduction

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32
Q

The act of turning the sole inward

A

Inversion

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33
Q

Turns the sole outward

A

Eversion

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34
Q

Combination of movements allowing to move a limb in a circular motion

A

Circumduction

35
Q

Refers to twisting or turning of a bone on its own axis

A

Rotation

36
Q

Turning the palm up or forward

A

Supination

37
Q

Turning the palm down or backward

A

Pronation

38
Q

Two relatively flat bone surfaces slide over each other with little change in the joint angle

A

Gliding joint

39
Q

A convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone

A

Hinge joint

40
Q

A rounded or pointed portion of one bone fits into a ring in another one

A

Pivot joint

41
Q

An oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into an oval-shaped depression of another bone

A

Condyloid joint

42
Q

Similar to the condyloid joint, but deeper and allowing greater range of motion

A

Saddle joint

43
Q

A ball-like surface of one bone fits into a deep cuplike depression in another bone

A

Ball-and-socket joint

44
Q

Difference in electric charge on either side of a plasma membrane

A

Membrane potential

45
Q

In cells, the ability to transmit an electric current along the plasma membrane

A

Excitability

46
Q

Rapid depolarization and repolarization of the plasma membrane capable of spreading down the neuron or muscle membrane; nerve impulse

A

Action potential

47
Q

Neurotransmitter; released at synapses within the nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

48
Q

The main muscle that performs a given movement

A

Prime mover

49
Q

Muscle that performs a given action

A

Agonist

50
Q

Muscle that produces an opposite action

A

Antagonist

51
Q

Helping muscle; work with the prime mover to accomplish a movement

A

Synergist

52
Q

Main muscle of respiration

A

Diaphragm

53
Q

Thin, smooth layer of epithelial cells that lines the hearts interior

A

Endocardium

54
Q

The heart muscle, is the thickest layers and pumps blood through the vessels

A

Myocardium

55
Q

A serous membrane that forms the thin, outermost layer of the heart wall

A

Epicardium

56
Q

The sac that encloses the heart

A

Pericardium

57
Q

What are the main arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle

A

Right and left coronary arteries

58
Q

The active phase

A

Systole

59
Q

The resting phase

A

Diastole

60
Q

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute

A

Cardiac output

61
Q

The volume of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat

A

Stroke volume

62
Q

What is the first sound of the heart created by the closure of the AV valves

A

“Lub” (S1)

63
Q

What is the second sound of the heart created by the closure of semilunar valves

A

“Dup” (S2)

64
Q

Carry blood away from the heart and toward the tissues

A

Arteries

65
Q

Small subdivisions of the arteries

A

Arterioles

66
Q

Tiny, thin-walled vessels that allow for exchanges between systems

A

Capillaries

67
Q

Small vessels that receive blood from the capillaries and begin its transport back toward the heart

A

Venules

68
Q

Vessels formed by the merger of venules; continue bloods transport until it is returned to the heart

A

Veins

69
Q

What mechanisms promote bloods return to the heart

A

Contraction of muscles, valves in the veins, and breathing

70
Q

Maximum pressure that develops in the arteries after heart muscle contraction

A

Systolic pressure

71
Q

Lowest pressure measured in the arteries after relaxation of the heart muscle

A

Diastolic pressure

72
Q

The average pressure in the arteries

A

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

73
Q

The difference between the systolic and the diastolic pressures

A

Pulse pressure

74
Q

What is the order of the hearts conduction system

A

SA node, AV node, Bundle of his, and Purkinje fibers

75
Q

The process by which oxygen is obtained from the environment and delivered to the cells; carbon dioxide is transported to the outside in a reverse pathway

A

Respiration

76
Q

Where does gas exchange take place

A

Alveoli

77
Q

How may lobes is the right lung subdivided into

A

3 (Superior, Middle, Inferior)

78
Q

How many lobes is the left lung subdivided into

A

2 (Superior, Inferior)

79
Q

If a piece of food was to go down the airway which lung would it most likely go into and why

A

The right because the branches go down at an angle where the left branches go more up at an angle

80
Q

The movement of air into and out of the lungs, normally accomplished by breathing

A

Ventilation

81
Q

What element is important in regulating the bloods pH

A

Carbon dioxide

82
Q

Where is the respiratory control center located

A

Medulla oblongata and pons

83
Q

The rate and depth of breathing increase above optimal levels

A

Hyperventilation

84
Q

An amount of air insufficient to meet the bodys metabolic needs

A

Hypoventilation

NU-110 (4 decks)

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