Exam 2 checklist

Question 1

layers of pericardium

Answer 1

parietal and visceral pericardium

Question 2

function of pericardium

Answer 2

lubricating the heart to prevent friction during heart activity.

Question 3

chambers of the heart

Answer 3

The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.

The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.

The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Question 4

thickest heart chamber

Answer 4

The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it is the major pumping chamber of the heart.

Question 5

top heart chambers

Answer 5

the right and left atria, receive incoming blood

Question 6

bottom heart chambers

Answer 6

the more muscular right and left ventricles, pump blood out of your heart.

Question 7

vessels connected to right atrium

Answer 7

.The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava are veins that return deoxygenated blood from circulation in the body and empty it into the right atrium.

Question 8

vessels connected to left atrium

Answer 8

four pulmonary veins return blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Question 9

vessels connected to right ventricle

Answer 9

Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the main pulmonary artery.

Question 10

vessels connected to left ventricle

Answer 10

descending aorta

Question 11

names for AV and semilunar valves

Answer 11

mitral valve (bicuspid), tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary

Question 12

heart chamber location for valves

Answer 12

tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. pulmonary valve: located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. mitral valve: located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Question 13

which valves have chordae tendinae attached to the margins of the valve cusps

Answer 13

These are the mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 14

which valve is associated with the openings of the left and right coronary arteries

Answer 14

aortic valve

Question 15

Name of the structure that divides the heart into two halves?

Answer 15

septum

Question 16

Three layers of the heart wall

Answer 16

1. Endocardium
2. Myocardium
3. Pericardium

Question 17

Names of the 5 parts of the conduction system

Answer 17

.The main components of the cardiac conduction system are the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.

Question 18

what are the four stages of the cardiac cycle?

Two atrial stages?
Two ventricular stages?

Answer 18

atrial diastole
atrial systole
ventricular diastole
ventricular systole

Question 19

during which stage of the cardiac cycle is blood flowing into the top chambers?

Answer 19

.Atrial diastole

Question 20

during which two parts of the cardiac cycle is blood pumped into the bottom chambers?

Answer 20

.atrial systole

ventricular diastole

Question 21

during which two parts of the cardiac cycle is blood pumped out of the bottom chambers?

Answer 21

.ventricular systole

Question 22

describe the direction of blood flow through the heart to the lungs and back to the heart; begin your description at the right atrium;

Answer 22

right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, vena cavae

Question 23

-why do the heart valves need to be unidirectional valves?

Answer 23

to prevent backflow of blood back into the heart

Question 24

what structures keep the blood in the bottom chambers from flowing backwards through the AV valves during ventricular systole?

Answer 24

Chorda thendinae

Question 25

what is the function of the coronary arteries?

Answer 25

The heart receives its own supply of blood from the coronary arteries. Two major coronary arteries branch off from the aorta near the point where the aorta and the left ventricle meet. These arteries and their branches supply all parts of the heart muscle with blood.

Question 26

location of the openings of the coronary arteries:

Answer 26

the openings of the coronary arteries are located at the base of the aorta next to the aortic valve; you can think of the coronary arteries as the 1st two arterial branches of the aorta

Question 27

when does blood flow into the coronary arteries?

Answer 27

when left ventricular systole has ended, the aortic valve closes; at this point all of the blood from the left ventricle is now in the aorta and is flowing through the aorta and in to all of the arterial branches of the aorta; this is when some blood will flow from the aorta into the coronary arteries

Question 28

heart location

Answer 28

in the mediastinal space of the chest cavity between 3rd and 7th ribs

Question 29

orientation of heart in mediastinum

Answer 29

base is oriented craniodorsal

apex is caudoventral